The main development here is the ongoing dominance of the US in IR, but with increasing differentiation from Europe, and with continued spread and institutionalization of IR beyond the West, notably in China, Singapore, and India. This is also the period when Constructivism takes off, first as a direct rival to neo-realism and neo-liberalism, but later some of its variants become engaged in a more accommodating relationship with the rationalist theories. While the inter-paradigm debates of the earlier period die down, accompanied by a preference for mid-range theories. These, however, do not provide enough space to accommodate the range of theoretical and practical concerns of scholars outside the Western core. There is also a growing momentum in postcolonial approaches as well as indications of increasing dissatisfaction in the non-Western world about the parochialism of American and Western IR.