Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T01:07:17.167Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part III - Ecology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2015

Michio Nakamura
Affiliation:
Kyoto University, Japan
Kazuhiko Hosaka
Affiliation:
Kamakura Women’s University, Japan
Noriko Itoh
Affiliation:
Kyoto University, Japan
Koichiro Zamma
Affiliation:
Great Ape Research Institute
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Mahale Chimpanzees
50 Years of Research
, pp. 141 - 224
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Babweteera, F., Sheil, D., Reynolds, V., et al. (2012). Environmental and anthropogenic changes in and around Budongo Forest Reserve. In The Ecological Impact of Long-Term Changes in Africa’s Rift Valley, ed. Plumptre, A. J.. New York: Nova Science, pp. 3153.Google Scholar
Chapman, C. A., Chapman, L. J., Struhsaker, T. T., et al. (2005). A long-term evaluation of fruiting phenology: importance of climate change. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 21, 3145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Itoh, N., Nakamura, M., Ihobe, H., et al. (2012). Long-term changes in the social and natural environments surrounding the chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains National Park. In The Ecological Impact of Long-Term Changes in Africa’s Rift Valley, ed. Plumptre, A. J.. New York: Nova Science, pp.249–77.Google Scholar
Kasangaki, A., Bitariho, R., Shaw, P., Robbins, M., and McNeilage, A. (2012). Long-term ecological and socio-economic changes in and around Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, south-western Uganda. In The Ecological Impact of Long-Term Changes in Africa’s Rift Valley, ed. Plumptre, A. J.. New York: Nova Science, pp. 117–39.Google Scholar
Patrick, R., Patrick, D., and Hunt, K. D. (2012). Long-term changes at Toro-Semliki Wildlife Reserve. In The Ecological Impact of Long-Term Changes in Africa’s Rift Valley, ed. Plumptre, A. J.. New York: Nova Science, pp. 5571.Google Scholar
Plumptre, A. J. (2012). Long term changes in Africa’s western rift valley: synthesis of main findings. In The Ecological Impact of Long-Term Changes in Africa’s Rift Valley, ed. Plumptre, A. J.. New York: Nova Science, pp. 279–93.Google Scholar
Seimon, A. and Picton Phillips, G. (2010). Climatological Assessment of the Albertine Rift for Conservation Applications. WCS Albertine Rift Climate Assessment Whitepaper Report No. 1.Google Scholar
Seimon, A. and Picton Phillips, G. (2012). Regional climatology of the Albertine Rift. In The Ecological Impact of Long-Term Changes in Africa’s Rift Valley, ed. Plumptre, A. J.. New York: Nova Science, pp. 930.Google Scholar
Yamagiwa, J., Basabose, A. K., Kahekwa, J. et al. (2012). Long-term changes in habitats and ecology of African apes in Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo. In The Ecological Impact of Long-Term Changes in Africa’s Rift Valley, ed. Plumptre, A. J.. New York: Nova Science, pp. 203–25.Google Scholar
Zamma, K. (2007). [Landslide at Mahale.] Mahale Chimpun, 9. In Japanese.Google Scholar

References

Anonymous (1980). Mahale: Study for the Proposed Mahale Mountains National Park. Final Report, May 1980. Tokyo: Japan International Cooperation Agency.Google Scholar
Augusto, A., Tabanez, J., and Viana, V. M. (2000). Patch structure within Brazilian Atlantic forest fragments and implications for conservation 1. Biotropica, 32, 925–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balee, W. and Campbell, D. G. (1990). Evidence for the successional status of liana forest (Xingu River basin, Amazonian Brazil). Biotropica, 22, 3647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balfour, D. and Bond, W. (1993). Factors limiting climber distribution and abundance in a southern African forest. Journal of Ecology, 81, 93100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beentje, H., Adamson, J., and Bhanderi, D. (1994). Kenya Trees, Shrubs, and Lianas. Nairobi: National Museums of Kenya.Google Scholar
Chave, J., Olivier, J., Bongers, F., et al. (2008). Above-ground biomass and productivity in a rain forest of eastern South America. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 24, 355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, D. B. and Clark, D. A. (1990). Distribution and effects on tree growth of lianas and woody hemiepiphytes in a Costa Rican tropical wet forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 6, 321–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coates Palgrave, K., Drummond, R. B., Moll, E. J., et al. (1993). Trees of Southern Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik.Google Scholar
Dewalt, S. J., Schnitzer, S. A., and Denslow, J. S. (2000). Density and diversity of lianas along a chronosequence in a central Panamanian lowland forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 16, 119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emmons, L. and Gentry, A. H. (1983). Tropical forest structure and the distribution of gliding and prehensile-tailed vertebrates. American Naturalist, 121, 513–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gentry, A. H. (1991). The distribution and evolution of climbing plants. In The Biology of Vines, ed. Putz, F. E. and Mooney, H. A.. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 349.Google Scholar
Gentry, A. H. (1992). Tropical forest biodiversity: distributional patterns and their conservational significance. Oikos, 63, 1928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gentry, A. H. and Dodson, C. (1987). Contribution of nontrees to species richness of a tropical rain forest. Biotropica, 19, 149–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerwing, J. J. and Farias, D. L. (2000). Integrating liana abundance and forest stature into an estimate of total aboveground biomass for an eastern Amazonian forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 16, 327–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granados, J. and Körner, C. (2002). In deep shade, elevated CO2 increases the vigor of tropical climbing plants. Global Change Biology, 8, 1109–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grubb, P., Lloyd, J., Pennington, T., and Whitmore, T. (1963). A comparison of montane and lowland rain forest in Ecuador I. The forest structure, physiognomy, and floristics. Journal of Ecology, 51, 567601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hubbard, C. E., Turrill, W. B. M.-R., and Polhill, R. M., ed. (1952 in continuation). Flora of Tropical East Africa. London: Crown Agents.Google Scholar
Ingwell, L. L., Joseph Wright, S., Becklund, K. K., Hubbell, S. P., and Schnitzer, S. A. (2010). The impact of lianas on 10 years of tree growth and mortality on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Journal of Ecology, 98, 879–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Itoh, N. (2002). [Foods in the forest: chimpanzee food density and spatial distribution.] In [The Mahale Chimpanzees: 37 Years of <Panthropology>], ed. Nishida, T., Uehara, S., and Kawanaka, K.. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press, pp. 77100. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Itoh, N. (2004). [The Plant Phenology and Fission–Fusion Social System in the Mahale Mountains National Park.] Doctoral Dissertation. Kyoto: Kyoto University. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Itoh, N. (2013). [Dual-rings of mode of coexistence and act choices: Chimpanzee group and emergence of institution.] In [Institutions: Evolution of Human Sociality], ed. Kawai, K.. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press, pp. 141–66. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Itoh, N. and Nishida, T. (2007). Chimpanzee grouping patterns and food availability in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Primates, 48, 8796.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Itoh, N., Nakamura, M., Ihobe, H., et al. (2012). Long-term changes in the social and natural environments surrounding the chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains National Park. In The Ecological Impact of Long-Term Changes in Africa’s Rift Valley, ed. Plumptre, A. J.. New York: Nova Science, pp. 249–77.Google Scholar
Jacobs, M. (1976). The study of lianas. Flora Malesiana Bulletin, 29, 2610–17.Google Scholar
Laurance, W. F., Pérez-Salicrup, D., Delamônica, P., et al. (2001). Rain forest fragmentation and the structure of Amazonian liana communities. Ecology, 82, 105–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, S. L., Phillips, O. L., Sheil, D., et al. (2004). Tropical forest tree mortality, recruitment and turnover rates: calculation, interpretation and comparison when census intervals vary. Journal of Ecology, 92, 929–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lind, E. M. and Morrison, M. E. S. (1974). East African Vegetation. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Lovett, J. C. (1993). Climatic history and forest distribution in eastern Africa. In Biogeography and Ecology of the Rain Forests of Eastern Africa, ed. Lovett, J. C. and Wasser, S. K.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 23–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lovett, J. C. (1994). Zambezian regional centre of endemism: CPD site AF33 Mahale-Karobwa Hills, Tanzania. In Centres of Plant Diversity, ed. Davis, S. D., Heywood, V. H., and Hamilton, A. C.. Cambridge: WWF-IUCN-ODA, pp. 184–7.Google Scholar
Lukosi, N. (1997). A brief note on possible control of Senna spectabilis, an invasive exotic tree at Mahale. Pan Africa News, 4, 18.Google Scholar
Nabe-Nielsen, J. (2001). Diversity and distribution of lianas in a neotropical rain forest, Yasuní National Park, Ecuador. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 17, 119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T. (1990). A quarter century of research in the Mahale Mountains: An overview. In The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies, ed. Nishida, T.. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, pp. 335.Google Scholar
Nishida, T. (1996). Eradication of the invasive, exotic tree Senna spectabilis in the Mahale Mountains. Pan Africa News, 3(2), 67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T. and Uehara, S. (1981). Kitongwe name of plants: a preliminary listing. African Study Monographs, 1, 109–31.Google Scholar
Nishida, T. and Uehara, S. (1983). Natural diet of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): Long-term record from the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. African Study Monographs, 3, 109–30.Google Scholar
Norikoshi, K. (2002). [Vegetation of Kasoje research area and ranging pattern: Changes during 20 years before and after the establishment of national park.] In [The Mahale Chimpanzees: 37 Years of <Panthropology>], ed. Nishida, T., Uehara, S., and Kawanaka, K.. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press, pp. 101288. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Pérez-Salicrup, D. R. and Barker, M. G. (2000). Effect of liana cutting on water potential and growth of adult Senna multijuga (Caesalpinioideae) trees in a Bolivian tropical forest. Oecologia, 124, 469–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, O. L. and Gentry, A. H. (1994). Increasing turnover through time in tropical forests. Science, 263, 954–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phillips, O. L., Hall, P., Gentry, A., Sawyer, S., and Vasquez, R. (1994). Dynamics and species richness of tropical rain forests. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 91, 2805–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phillips, O. L., Martínez, R. V., Arroyo, L., et al. (2002). Increasing dominance of large lianas in Amazonian forests. Nature, 418, 770–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phillips, O. L., Martínez, R. V., Mendoza, A. M., Baker, T. R., and Vargas, P. N. (2005). Large lianas as hyperdynamic elements of the tropical forest canopy. Ecology, 86, 1250–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putz, F. E. (1983). Liana biomass and leaf area of a “tierra firme” forest in the Rio Negro Basin, Venezuela. Biotropica, 15, 185–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putz, F. E. (1984a). How trees avoid and shed lianas. Biotropica, 16, 1923.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putz, F. E. (1984b). The natural history of lianas on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Ecology, 65, 1713–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, P. W. (1952). The Tropical Rain Forest: An Ecological Study. London: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sasek, T. W. and Strain, B. R. (1988). Effects of carbon dioxide enrichment on the growth and morphology of kudzu (Pueraria lobata). Weed Science, 36, 2836.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schnitzer, S. A. and Bongers, F. (2002). The ecology of lianas and their role in forests. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 17, 223–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schnitzer, S. A. and Carson, W. P. (2001). Treefall gaps and the maintenance of species diversity in a tropical forest. Ecology, 82, 913–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schnitzer, S. A., Dalling, J. W., and Carson, W. P. (2000). The impact of lianas on tree regeneration in tropical forest canopy gaps: evidence for an alternative pathway of gap-phase regeneration. Journal of Ecology, 88, 655–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheil, D. and May, R. M. (1996). Mortality and recruitment rate evaluations in heterogeneous tropical forests. Journal of Ecology, 84, 91100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheil, D., Burslem, D. F., and Alder, D. (1995). The interpretation and misinterpretation of mortality rate measures. Journal of Ecology, 83, 331–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheil, D., Jennings, S., and Savill, P. (2000). Long-term permanent plot observations of vegetation dynamics in Budongo, a Ugandan rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 16, 865–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swaine, M. D. and Grace, J. (2007). Lianas may be favoured by low rainfall: evidence from Ghana. Plant Ecology, 192, 271–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, L. A. (1996). Invasive plant in chimpanzee habitat at Mahale. Pan Africa News, 3(1), 5.Google Scholar
Turner, L. A. (2006). Vegetation and chimpanzee ranging in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science Kyoto University (Series of Biology), 18, 4582.Google Scholar
Wakibara, J. V. (1998). Observations on the pilot control of Senna spectabilis, an invasive exotic tree in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Western Tanzania. Pan Africa News, 5, 46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wakibara, J. V. and Mnaya, B. J. (2002). Possible control of Senna spectabilis (Caesalpiniaceae), an invasive tree in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Oryx, 36, 357–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wasser, S. K. and Lovett, J. C. (1993). Introduction to the biogeography and ecology of the rain forests of eastern Africa. In Biogeography and Ecology of the Rain Forests of Eastern Africa, ed. Lovett, J. C. and Wasser, S. K.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williamson, E. A. (1988). Behavioural Ecology of Western Lowland Gorillas in Gabon. Ph.D. thesis. Stirling, UK: University of Stirling.Google Scholar
Wright, S. J., Calderón, O., Hernández, A., and Paton, S. (2004). Are lianas increasing in importance in tropical forests? A 17-year record from Panama. Ecology, 85, 484–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Babweteera, F., Sheil, D., Reynolds, V., et al. (2012). Environmental and anthropogenic changes in and around Budongo Forest Reserve. In The Ecological Impact of Long-Term Changes in Africa’s Rift Valley, ed. Plumptre, A. J.. New York: Nova Science, pp. 3153.Google Scholar
Chao, N., Mulindahabi, F., Easton, J., et al. (2012). Long-term changes in a montane forest in a region of high human population density. In The Ecological Impact of Long-Term Changes in Africa’s Rift Valley, ed. Plumptre, A. J.. New York: Nova Science, pp. 167202.Google Scholar
Chapman, C. A., Wrangham, R. W., Chapman, L. J., Kennard, D. K., and Zanne, A. E. (1999). Fruit and flower phenology at two sites in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 15, 189211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, C. A., Chapman, L. J., Struhsaker, T. T., et al. (2005). A long-term evaluation of fruiting phenology: importance of climate change. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 21, 3145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, C. A., Chapman, L. J., Ghai, R., et al. (2012). Complex responses to climate and anthropogenic changes: an evaluation based on long-term data from Kibale National Park, Uganda. In The Ecological Impact of Long-Term Changes in Africa’s Rift Valley, ed. Plumptre, A. J.. New York: Nova Science, pp. 7394.Google Scholar
Itoh, N. (2002). [Foods in the forest: chimpanzee food density and spatial distribution.] In [The Mahale Chimpanzees: 37 Years of <Panthropology>], ed. Nishida, T., Uehara, S., and Kawanaka, K.. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press, pp. 77100. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Itoh, N. (2004). [The Plant Phenology and Fission–Fusion Social System in the Mahale Mountains National Park.] Doctoral Dissertation. Kyoto: Kyoto University. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Itoh, N. and Nishida, T. (2007). Chimpanzee grouping patterns and food availability in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Primates, 48, 8796.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Itoh, N., Nakamura, M., Ihobe, H., et al. (2012). Long-term changes in the social and natural environments surrounding the chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains National Park. In The Ecological Impact of Long-Term Changes in Africa’s Rift Valley, ed. Plumptre, A. J.. New York: Nova Science, pp. 249–77.Google Scholar
Morellato, L. P. C., Camargo, M. G., D’Eça Neves, F. F., et al. (2010). The influence of sampling method, sample size, and frequency of observations on plant phenological patterns and interpretation in tropical forest trees. In Phenological Research, ed. Hudson, I. L. and Keatley, M. R.. Amsterdam: Springer, pp. 99121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moscovice, L. R., Issa, M. H., Petrzelkova, K. J., et al. (2007). Fruit availability, chimpanzee diet, and grouping patterns on Rubondo Island, Tanzania. American Journal of Primatology, 69, 487502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nakamura, M., Corp, N., Fujimoto, M., et al. (2013). Ranging behavior of Mahale chimpanzees: a 16 year study. Primates, 54, 171–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newstrom, L. E., Frankie, G. W., and Baker, H. G. (1994a). A new classification for plant phenology based on flowering patterns in lowland tropical rain forest trees at La Selva, Cost Rica. Biotropica, 26(2), 141–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newstrom, L., Frankie, G., Baker, H., and Colwell, R. (1994b). Diversity of long-term flowering patterns at La Selva. In La Selva: Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Rain Forest, ed. McDade, L. A., Bawa, K. S., Hespenheide, H. A., and Hartshorn, G. S.. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 142–60.Google Scholar
Plumptre, A. J. (2012). Long term changes in Africa’s western rift valley: synthesis of main findings. In The Ecological Impact of Long-Term Changes in Africa’s Rift Valley, ed. Plumptre, A. J.. New York: Nova Science, pp. 279–93.Google Scholar
R Core Team (2014). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available at: http://www.R-project.org.Google Scholar
Sakai, S. (2001). Phenological diversity in tropical forests. Population Ecology, 43(1), 7786.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Schaik, C. P., Terborgh, J. W., and Wright, S. J. (1993). The phenology of tropical forests: adaptive significance and consequences for primary consumers. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 24(1), 353–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, C., Kaplin, B. A., Kristensen, K. A., et al. (1996). Tree phenology in a tropical montane forest in Rwanda. Biotropica, 28(4b), 668–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williamson, E. A. (1988). Behavioural Ecology of Western Lowland Gorillas in Gabon. Ph.D. thesis. Stirling, UK: University of Stirling.Google Scholar

References

Boesch, C. and Boesch, H. (1989). Hunting behavior of wild chimpanzees in the Taï National Park. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 78, 547–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boesch, C. and Boesch-Achermann, H. (2000). The Chimpanzees of the Taï Forest: Behavioural Ecology and Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boesch, C., Uehara, S., and Ihobe, H. (2002). Variations in chimpanzee-red colobus interactions. In Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos, ed. Boesch, C., Hohmann, G., and Marchant, L. F.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 221–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carcasson, R. H. (1966). Lepidoptera Rhopalocera collected by the Kyoto University African Anthropoid Expedition in the Kigoma area of western Tanganyika. Kyoto University African Studies, 1, 1172.Google Scholar
Fukuda, F. (2001). [The Animals in the African Forest.] Tokyo: Jinruibunka-sha. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Goodall, J. (1986). The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior. Cambridge, MA: Belknap.Google Scholar
Hasegawa, T., Hiraiwa, M., Nishida, T., and Takasaki, H. (1983). New evidence on scavenging behavior in wild chimpanzees. Current Anthropology, 24, 231–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M., Byrne, R. W., Takasaki, H., and Byrne, J. M. E. (1986). Aggression toward large carnivores by wild chimpanzees of Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Folia Primatologica, 47, 813.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hosaka, K., Nishida, T., Hamai, M., Matsumoto-Oda, A., and Uehara, S. (2001). Predation of mammals by the chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. In All Apes Great and Small, Vol. 1: African Apes, ed. Galdikas, B. M. F., Briggs, N. E., Sheeran, L. K., Shapiro, G. L., and Goodall, J.. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 107–30.Google Scholar
Ihobe, H. (2000). [Red colobus vs. chimpanzees: predator–prey relationships among primates.] In [Primate Ecology: Dynamism between the Environment and Behavior], ed. Sugiyama, Y.. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press, pp. 6184. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Ihobe, H. (2002). [Anti-chimpanzee hunting strategies of red colobus.] In [The Mahale Chimpanzees: 37 Years of <Panthropology>], ed. Nishida, T., Uehara, S., and Kawanaka, K.. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press, pp. 245–60. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Ihobe, H. (2012). A further study of the impacts of chimpanzee hunting on the population of several mammal species at Mahale, Tanzania. Paper presented at the 24th Congress of International Primatological Society, Cancun, Mexico.Google Scholar
Ihobe, H. and Uehara, S. (1999). [A preliminary report on the impact of chimpanzee hunting on mammal populations at Mahale, Tanzania.] Primate Research, 15, 163–9. In Japanese with English summary.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iida, E. (2010). [Strange animals inhabiting rock outcrops: hyraxes.] Mahale Chimpun, 16, 12. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Itani, J. (1977a). [Ethnozoology of the Batongwe.] In [The Natural History of Man], ed. Itani, J. and Harako, R.. Tokyo: Yūzan-kaku, pp. 441537. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Itani, J. (1977b). [Introduction.] In [The Chimpanzees], ed. Itani, J.. Tokyo: Kōdan-sha, pp. 356. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Itani, J., Nishida, T., and Kakeya, M. (1973). [The Eastern Hinterland of Lake Tanganyika: Its Nature and People.] Tokyo: Chikuma-shobō. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Itoh, N., Nakamura, M., Ihobe, H., et al. (2012). Long-term changes in the social and natural environments surrounding the chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains National Park. In The Ecological Impact of Long-Term Changes in Africa’s Rift Valley, ed. Plumptre, A. J.. New York: Nova Science, pp. 249–77.Google Scholar
Kielland, J. (1978). A provisional checklist of the Rhopalocera of the eastern side of Lake Tanganyika. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 121, 147237.Google Scholar
Kingdon, J., Happold, D., Butynski, T., et al. (2013). Mammals of Africa Vol. I–VI. London: Bloomsbury Natural History.Google Scholar
Matsumoto-Oda, A. and Kasagula, M. B. (2000). Preliminary study of feeding competition between baboons and chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. African Study Monographs, 21, 147–57.Google Scholar
Moyer, D. C. (2006). Biodiversity of Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. New York: Wildlife Conservation Society.Google Scholar
Nakamura, M. (1997). First observed case of chimpanzee predation on yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) at the Mahale Mountains National Park. Pan Africa News, 4, 911.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakazawa, N., Hanamura, S., Inoue, E., Nakatsukasa, M., and Nakamura, M. (2013). A leopard ate a chimpanzee: the first evidence from East Africa. Journal of Human Evolution, 65, 334–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T. (1974). [Ecology of wild chimpanzees.] In [Human Ecology], ed. Ohtsuka, R., Tanaka, J., and Nishida, T.. Tokyo: Kyōritsu-shuppan, pp. 1560. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Nishida, T. (1990). A quarter century of research in the Mahale Mountains: an overview. In The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies, ed. Nishida, T.. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, pp. 335.Google Scholar
Nishida, T. (1997). Baboon invasion into chimpanzee habitat. Pan Africa News, 4, 1112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T. (2002). Competition between baboons and chimpanzees at Mahale. Pan Africa News, 9, 23–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T. and Uehara, S. (1983). Natural diet of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): Long-term record from the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. African Study Monographs, 3, 109–30.Google Scholar
Nishida, T., Itani, J., Hiraiwa, M., and Hasegawa, T. (1981). A newly-discovered population of Colobus angolensis in East Africa. Primates, 22, 557–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanford, C. B., Wallis, J., Matama, H., and Goodall, J. (1994). Patterns of predation by chimpanzees on red colobus monkeys in Gombe National Park, 1982–1991. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 94, 213–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stanley, W. T. (2004). The Small Mammals of Mahale Mountains National Park. Chicago, IL: The Field Museum.Google Scholar
Sugiyama, Y. and Koman, J. (1987). A preliminary list of chimpanzees’ alimentation at Bossou, Guinea. Primates, 28, 133–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teelen, S. (2007). Influence of chimpanzee predation on associations between red colobus and red-tailed monkeys at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. International Journal of Primatology, 28, 593606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsukahara, T. (1993). Lions eat chimpanzees: the first evidence of predation by lions on wild chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology, 29, 111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uehara, S. (2003). Population densities of diurnal mammals sympatric with the chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania: comparison between the census data of 1996 and 2000. African Study Monographs, 24, 169–79.Google Scholar
Uehara, S. and Ihobe, H. (1998). Distribution and abundance of diurnal mammals, especially monkeys, at Kasoje, Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Anthropological Science, 106, 349–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uehara, S., Nishida, T., Hamai, M., et al. (1992). Characteristics of predation by the chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. In Topics in Primatology, Vol. 1: Human Origins, ed. Nishida, T., McGrew, W. C., Marler, P., Pickford, M., and de Waal, F. B. M.. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, pp. 143–58.Google Scholar
Watts, D. and Mitani, J. C. (2002). Hunting behavior of chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. International Journal of Primatology, 23, 128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wrangham, R. W. and van Zinnicq Bergmann Riss, E. (1990). Rates of predation on mammals by Gombe chimpanzees, 1972–1975. Primates, 31, 157–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Boesch, C. (1991). The effects of leopard predation on grouping patterns in forest chimpanzees. Behaviour, 117, 220–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boesch, C. and Boesch, H. (1989). Hunting behavior of wild chimpanzees in the Taï National Park. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 78, 547–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bshary, R. and Noë, R. (1997). Anti-predation behaviour of red colobus monkeys in the presence of chimpanzees. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 41, 321–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Busse, C. D. (1977). Chimpanzee predation as a possible factor in the evolution of red colobus monkey social organization. Evolution, 31, 907–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fujimoto, M. and Shimada, M. (2008). Newly observed predation of wild birds by M-group chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Mahale, Tanzania. Pan Africa News, 15, 23–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furuichi, T. (2000). Possible case of predation on a chimpanzee by a leopard in the Petit Loango Reserve, Gabon. Pan Africa News, 7, 21–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodall, J. (1986). The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior. Cambridge, MA: Belknap.Google Scholar
Hart, J. A., Katembo, M., and Punga, K. (1996). Diet, prey selection and ecological relations of leopard and golden cat in the Ituri Forest, Zaire. African Journal of Ecology, 34, 364–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M., Byrne, R. W., Takasaki, H., and Byrne, J. M. (1986). Aggression toward large carnivores by wild chimpanzees of Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Folia Primatologica, 47, 813.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoppe-Dominik, B. (1984). Etude du spectre des proies de la panthère, Panthera pardus, dans le Parc National de Taï en Côte d’Ivoire. Mammalia, 48, 477–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hosaka, K., Nishida, T., Hamai, M., Matsumoto-Oda, A., and Uehara, S. (2001). Predation of mammals by the chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. In All Apes Great and Small Vol. 1: African Apes, ed. Galdikas, B. M. F., Erickson Briggs, N., Sheeran, L. K., Shapiro, G. L., and Goodall, J.. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 107–30.Google Scholar
Hosaka, K., Inoue, E., and Fujimoto, M. (2014). Responses of wild chimpanzees to fresh carcasses of aardvark (Orycteropus afer) in Mahale. Pan Africa News, 21, 1922.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ihobe, H. (1993). [Meat and the beast: prey image of bonobos, chimpanzees and humans.] Journal of African Studies, 42, 61–8. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Ihobe, H. (2002). [Anti-chimpanzee hunting strategies of red colobus.] In [The Chimpanzees at Mahale: 37 Years Study of <Panthropology>], ed. Nishida, T., Uehara, S., and Kawanaka, K.. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press, pp. 245–60. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Izawa, K. and Itani, J. (1966). Chimpanzees in Kasakati Basin, Tanganyika: I. Ecological study in the rainy season, 1963–1964. Kyoto University African Studies, 1, 73156.Google Scholar
Jenny, D. and Zuberbühler, K. (2005). Hunting behaviour in West African forest leopards. African Journal of Ecology, 43, 197200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
John, T. and Reynolds, V. (1997). Budongo Forest chimpanzee grooms a redtailed monkey. Pan Africa News, 4, 6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kano, T. (1972). Distribution and adaptation of the chimpanzee on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika. Kyoto University African Studies, 7, 37129.Google Scholar
Kutsukake, N. (2006). The context and quality of social relationships affect vigilance behaviour in wild chimpanzees. Ethology, 112, 581–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Lawick-Goodall, J. (1968). The behaviour of free-living chimpanzees in the Gombe Stream Reserve. Animal Behaviour Monographs, 1, 161311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsumoto-oda, A. and Kasagula, M. B. (2000). Preliminary study of feeding competition between baboons and chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. African Study Monographs, 21, 147–57.Google Scholar
Matsumoto-Oda, A., Kutsukake, N., Hosaka, K., and Matsusaka, T. (2007). Sniffing behaviors in Mahale chimpanzees. Primates, 48, 81–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matsusaka, T. (2007). Exploratory–threat behaviors in wild chimpanzees encountering a porcupine. Pan Africa News, 14, 2931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakazawa, N., Hanamura, S., Inoue, E., Nakatsukasa, M., and Nakamura, M. (2013). A leopard ate a chimpanzee: first evidence from East Africa. Journal of Human Evolution, 65, 334–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T. (1968). The social group of wild chimpanzees in the Mahali Mountains. Primates, 9, 167224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T. (1972). A note on the ecology of the red-colobus monkeys (Colobus badius tephrosceles) living in the Mahali Mountains. Primates, 13, 5764.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T. (1997). Baboon invasion into chimpanzee habitat. Pan Africa News, 4, 1112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T. (2002). Competition between baboons and chimpanzees at Mahale. Pan Africa News, 9,23–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T. (2012). Chimpanzees of the Lakeshore: Natural History and Culture at Mahale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nishida, T., Uehara, S., and Nyundo, R. (1979). Predatory behavior among wild chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. Primates, 20, 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierce, A. H. (2009). An encounter between a leopard and a group of chimpanzees at Gombe National Park. Pan Africa News, 16, 22–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, V. and Reynolds, F. (1965). Chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest. In Primate Behavior: Field Studies of Monkeys and Apes, ed. DeVore, I.. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, pp. 368424.Google Scholar
Stanford, C. B. (1998). Chimpanzees and Red Colobus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Teleki, G. (1973a). Notes on chimpanzee interactions with small carnivores in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Primates, 14, 407–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teleki, G. (1973b). The Predatory Behavior of Wild Chimpanzees. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press.Google Scholar
Tsukahara, T. (1993). Lions eat chimpanzees: the first evidence of predation by lions on wild chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology, 29, 111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tutin, C. E. G., McGrew, W. C., and Baldwin, P. J. (1981). Responses of wild chimpanzees to potential predators. In Primate Behavior and Sociobiology, ed. Chiarelli, A. B. and Corruccini, R. S.. Berlin: Springer, pp. 136–41.Google Scholar
Wrangham, R. W. (1975). The Behavioral Ecology of Chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Ph.D. thesis. Cambridge: Cambridge University.Google Scholar
Zamma, K. (2002). A chimpanzee trifling with a squirrel: pleasure derived from teasing? Pan Africa News, 9, 911.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zamma, K. (2011). Responses of chimpanzees to a python. Pan Africa News, 18, 1315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuberbühler, K. and Jenny, D. (2002). Leopard predation and primate evolution. Journal of Human Evolution, 43, 873–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×