Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T10:51:57.782Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
This chapter is part of a book that is no longer available to purchase from Cambridge Core

1 - “We Are All Germans; Why Then Ask for Religion?”: Cultural Identity, Language, and Weimar Pluralism, 1928–1932

Thomas Pegelow Kaplan
Affiliation:
Davidson College, North Carolina
Get access

Summary

When Germany's newspapers reached newsstands on April 1, 1928, the country's political parties were intensifying their campaigns for the approaching Reichstag election of May 20. By that time, the German people under the Weimar Republic had experienced more than four years of relative political and socioeconomic stability, based in part on the receipt of short-term American loans. But there had been limits to that stability. In mid-February, the twelve-month-old center-right coalition under Chancellor Wilhelm Marx of the Catholic Center Party, the Republic's fifteenth cabinet since 1919, collapsed. The final straw was the disagreement over the role of the Christian churches in public education. But the main coalition partners, especially the right-liberal German People's Party (Deutsche Volkspartei, DVP) under long-serving Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann, had been seeking political realignments to implement their competing policies for months. The inclusion of the German National People's Party (Deutschnationale Volkspartei, DNVP) in the Marx cabinet reflected the ongoing shift of the Republic's political culture and language to the right. As the strongest right-wing force in the country, the DNVP had only moderated its antirepublican stance in 1925, and much of the membership's rhetoric still remained rooted in völkisch thought.

The opposition parties were also jockeying for power. The Social Democrats were eager to return to the government. They had been the strongest force in the Weimar coalition of 1919, which laid the foundations for Germany's first democracy, and they continued to be the largest parliamentary party in the Reichstag.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Language of Nazi Genocide
Linguistic Violence and the Struggle of Germans of Jewish Ancestry
, pp. 15 - 57
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Erdmann, Karl Dietrich and Boom, Hans, eds., Akten der Reichskanzlei. Weimarer Republik. Die Kabinette Marx III and IV, vol. 2 (Boppard: Boldt Verlag, 1988), 1310
Neumann, Sigmund, Die Parteien der Weimarer Republik, 5th ed. (Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1986), 61–5
Peukert, Detlev J. K., The Weimar Republic (New York: Hill and Wang, 1993), 147–51
Jones, Larry E., German Liberalism and the Dissolution of the Weimar Party System, 1918–1933 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988), 153, 477
Lepsius, M. Rainer, “Pateiensystem und Sozialstruktur,” in Deutsche Parteien vor 1918, ed. Ritter, Gerhard A. (Cologne: Kiepenheuer and Witsch, 1990), 56–80
Paul, Gerhard, Aufstand der Bilder. Die NS-Propaganda vor 1933 (Bonn: Dietz Nachfolger, 1990)
Sneeringer, Julia, Winning Women's Votes (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002)
Niewyk, Donald L., The Jews in Weimar Germany, 2nd ed. (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2001), 13–15
Dussel, Konrad, Deutsche Tagespresse im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert (Münster: Lit Verlag, 2004), 122
Petersen, Klaus, Zensur in der Weimarer Republik (Stuttgart: Metzler, 1995), 41, 277
Prager, Eugen, “Hermann Müller und die Presse,” Mitteilungen des Vereins Arbeiterpresse 31 (1931): 1 Google Scholar
Stöber, Rudolf, Deutsche Pressegeschichte (Konstanz: UVK Medien, 2000), 237
Eksteins, Modris, The Limits of Reason (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975), 86–8
Groth, Otto, Die Zeitung, vol. 4 (Mannheim: J. Bensheimer, 1930), 261–4
Zechlin, Walter, Pressechef bei Ebert, Hindenburg und Kopf (Hanover: Schlütersche Verlagsanstalt, 1956), 20
Spiecker, Karl, “Das deutsche Reichspresseamt,” Zeitungswissenschaft 1 (1926): 134 Google Scholar
Koszyk, Kurt, Deutsche Presse, 1914–1945. Geschichte der deutschen Presse, vol. 3 (Berlin: Colloquium Verlag, 1972), 106–8, 112
Basse, Dieter, Wolff's Telegraphisches Bureau, 1849–1933 (Munich: Saur, 1991), 244
Fliess, Peter J., Freedom of the Press in the German Republic, 1918–1933 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1955), 63
Kienzle, Michael, “Logophobie. Zensur und Selbstzensur in der BRD,” in Zensur in der BRD, eds. idem and Mende, Dirk (Munich: Hanser Verlag, 1980), 15–46
Gesetz zum Schutz der Republik vom 23. Juli 1922,” Reichsgesetzblatt 1 (1922): 586, 589
Bering, Dietz, Kampf um Namen (Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1992), 170–3, 288, and 290
Barkai, Avraham, “Wehr Dich!” Der Centralverein deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens 1893–1938 (Munich: Beck, 2002), 184–5
Dickmann, Fritz, “Die Regierungsbildung in Thüringen als Modell der Machtergreifung,” Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 14 (1966): 456 Google Scholar
Reuth, Ralf Georg, Goebbels (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1993), 95
Harsch, Donna, German Social Democracy and the Rise of Nazism (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 1
Faye, Jean Pierre, Langages totalitaires. Critique de la raison narrative (Paris: Hermann, 1972), 634–5
Sauer, Wolfgang Werner, Der Sprachgebrauch der Nationalsozialisten vor 1933 (Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag, 1978), 160
Stein, Peter, Die NS-Gaupresse 1925–1933 (Munich: Saur, 1987), 52, 81
Zeitgeschichte, Für, ed., Hitler: Reden, Schriften, Anordnungen. Februar 1925 bis Januar 1933 (Munich: Saur, 1992), 702, 699, 719, 737
Dittmar, W. W., “Presse ist Macht!Unser Wille und Weg 3 (1933): 80 Google Scholar
Handbuch der Deutschen Tagespresse, 4th ed. (Berlin: Carl Duncker Verlag, 1932)
Reichsamt, Statistisches, ed. Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich, vol. 47 (Berlin: Reimar Hobbing, 1928), 6
Strauss, Herbert A., “The Jewish Press in Germany, 1918–1939 (1943),” in The Jewish Press That Was, ed. World Federation of Jewish Journalists (Tel Aviv: Jerusalem Post Press, 1980), 321–54
Apfel, Karl, “In den zwanziger Jahren. Erinnerungen an die Frankfurter Zeitung,” Archiv für Frankfurts Geschichte und Kunst 55 (1976): 238–9Google Scholar
Sethe, Paul, “Die einsame Stellung,” Die Gegenwart (Frankfurt/Main), 29 October 1956, 24 Google Scholar
Gillessen, Günther, Auf verlorenem Posten. Die Frankfurter Zeitung im Dritten Reich (Berlin: Siedler Verlag, 1986), 44–60
Eksteins, Modris, “The Frankfurter Zeitung: Mirror of Weimar Democracy,” Journal of Contemporary History 6 (1971): 27, 5, 12, 21–5Google Scholar
Kapitza, Arne, “Zwischen Anpassung und Opposition. Die ‘Frankfurter Zeitung’ und die nationalsozialistische Machtergreifung,” Jahrbuch für Liberalismus-Forschung 5 (1993): 94, 72 Google Scholar
Paupiée, Kurt, “Frankfurter Zeitung (1856–1943),” in Deutsche Zeitungen des 17. bis 20. Jahrhunderts, ed. Fischer, Heinz-Dietrich (Pullach: Dokumentation, 1972), 241–9
Reizbare Maschinen. Eine Geschichte des Körpers, 1765–1914 (Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 2001), 163–5
Groth, Otto, Die Zeitung, vol. 1 (Mannheim: J. Bensheimer, 1928), 238, 258–9
Reifenberg, Benno, “Frankfurter Zeitung,” Staatslexikon, 6th ed., vol. 3 (Freiburg: Herder Verlag, 1959), 413
Kahn, Ernst, “The Frankfurter Zeitung,” Leo Baeck Institute Year Book 2 (1957): 234 Google Scholar
Bosch, Michael, Liberale Presse in der Krise (Bern: Lang, 1976), 20
Dovifat, Emil, “Neue Aufgaben der deutschen Publizistik,” in Krisis. Ein politisches Manifest, ed. Müller, Oscar (Weimar: Lichtenstein Verlag, 1932), 257
Meister, Anton, Die Presse als Machtmittel Judas (Munich: Eher Nachf., 1930), 41–3
Heß, Jürgen C., “Das ganze Deutschland soll es sein.” Demokratischer Nationalismus in der Weimarer Republik am Beispiel der Deutschen Demokratischen Partei (Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1978), 328–32
Alter, Peter et al., eds. Die Konstruktion der Nation gegen die Juden (Munich: Fink Verlag, 1999), 8
Reinharz, Jehuda, “ Deutschtum und Judentum in the Ideology of the Centralverein Deutscher Staatsbürger Jüdischen Glaubens,” Jewish Social Studies 36 (1974): 19–39Google Scholar
Borut, Jacob, “Verjudung des Judentums. Was There a Zionist Subculture in Weimar Germany?” in In Search of Jewish Community, eds. Brenner, Michael and Penslar, Derek (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998), 108
Eloni, Yehuda, “Die Geburtswehen der ‘Jüdischen Rundschau,’Qesher 6 (1989): 31–6Google Scholar
Lavsky, Hagit, Before Catastrophe. The Distinctive Path of German Zionism (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1996), 183–4
Strauss, Herbert, “Robert Weltsch und die Jüdische Rundschau ,” in Berlin und der Prager Kreis, ed. Pazi, Margarita et al. (Würzburg: Königshausen und Neumann, 1991), 31–43
Edelheim-Mühsam, , “The Jewish Press in Germany,” Leo Baeck Institute Year Book 1 (1956): 172–3Google Scholar
Poppel, Stephen, Zionism in Germany 1897–1933 (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1976), 36
Diehl, Karin, Die jüdische Presse im Dritten Reich (Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1997), 174
Brenner, Michael, The Renaissance of Jewish Culture in Weimar Germany (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996), 57–8
Lorenz, Ina, Juden in Hamburg zur Zeit der Weimarer Republik, vol. 1 (Hamburg: Christians, 1987), 777, 819, 822
Paucker, Arnold, “Der jüdische Abwehrkampf,” in Entscheidungsjahr 1932, ed. Mosse, Werner (Tübingen: Mohr, 1966), 406
Holdheim, Gerhard, ed., Zionistisches Handbuch (Berlin: Berliner Büro der Zionistischen Vereinigung, 1923), 4–8
Holländer, Ludwig, Deutsch-Jüdische Probleme der Gegenwart (Berlin: Philo-Verlag, 1929), 9, 14
Aschheim, Steven, Brothers and Strangers: The East European Jew in German and German-Jewish Consciousness, 1800–1923 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1982), 215–45
Said, Edward, “An Ideology of Difference,” Critical Inquiry 12 (1985): 42 Google Scholar
Longerich, Peter, Die braunen Bataillone (Munich: Beck, 1989), 118–19
Bessel, Richard, “Violence as Propaganda: The Role of the Storm Troopers in the Rise of National Socialism,” in The Formation of the Nazi Constituency 1919–1933, ed. Childers, Thomas (Totowa: Barnes and Noble, 1986), 141
Dresler, Adolf, Geschichte des “Völkischen Beobachters” und des Zentralverlages der NSDAP Franz Eher Nachf. (Munich: Eher Nachf., 1937), 102–4
Mühlberger, Detlef, Hitler's Voice: The Völkischer Beobachter, 1920–1933, vol. 1 (Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang, 2004), 22
Welch, David, ed., Nazi Propaganda (London: Croom Helm, 1983), 5–6
Noller, Sonja, “Der Völkischer Beobachter,” in Facsimile Querschnitt durch den Völkischen Beobachter, eds. idem and Kotze, Hilde (Munich: Scherz Verlag, 1967), 4–5
Kershaw, Ian, Hitler, 1889–1936 (New York: Norton, 1999), 155–6
Rosenberg, Alfred, Letzte Aufzeichnungen (Uelzen: Jomsburg-Verlag, 1996), 142, 190
Layton, Jr. Roland V., “The Völkischer Beobachter, 1920–1933,” Central European History 3 (1970): 362 Google Scholar
Bartov, Omer, “Defining Enemies, Making Victims: Germans, Jews, and the Holocaust,” American Historical Review 103 (1998): 771 Google Scholar
Horlacher, R., “Eine ‘Juden’-Statistik,” Mitteilungen aus dem Verein zur Abwehr des Antisemitismus 42 (1932): 183–4Google Scholar
Günther, Hans F. K., Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes, 9th ed. (Munich: Lehmanns Verlag, 1926), 42–6
Rose, Nikolas, “Identity, Genealogy, History,” in Questions of Cultural Identity, eds. Hall, Stuart and Gay, Paul du (London: Sage, 1996), 143
Jurgensen, Manfred, Das fiktionale Ich (Bern: Francke Verlag, 1979), 11–14, 33–4
Kraus, Elisabeth, Die Familie Mosse (Munich: Beck, 1999), 476, 535, 559–60
Buber, Martin, “Jüdische Renaissance,” Ost und West 1 (1901): 7–10Google Scholar
Meyer, Michael A., Jewish Identity in the Modern World (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1990), 3
Buber, Martin, “Der Jude in der Welt,” in Die Stunde und die Erkenntnis (Berlin: Schocken-Verlag, 1936), 41–8
Certeau, Michel, The Practice of Everyday Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), 169, 174
Chartier, Roger, “Texts, Printing, Readings,” in The New Cultural History, ed. Hunt, Lynn (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), 156
Hellbeck, Jochen, Revolution on My Mind (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006), 14
Anderson, Benedict, Imagined Communities (London: Verso, 1991), 35
Auerbach, Walter, Presse und Gruppenbewußtsein (Berlin: Lambsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1929), 62
Krojanker, Gustav, Zum Problem des neuen deutschen Nationalismus (Berlin: Verlag der Jüdischen Rundschau, 1932), 14, 18
Silberstein, Lawrence J., “Mapping, Not Tracing: Opening Reflection,” in Mapping Jewish Identities, ed. idem (New York: New York University Press, 2000), 29
Smith, Anthony, National Identity (Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1991), 14
Scholem, Betty and Scholem, Gershom, Mutter und Sohn im Briefwechsel 1917–1946, eds. Shedletzky, Itta and Sparr, Thomas (Munich: Beck, 1989), 163
Mosse, George, German Jews beyond Judaism (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985), 3–4, 18–22
Feder, Ernst, Heute sprach ich mit…: Tagebücher eines Berliner Publizisten 1926–1932 (Stuttgart: DVA, 1971), 174
Lekebusch, Sigrid, Not und Verfolgung der Christen jüdischer Herkunft im Rheinland (Cologne: Rheinland-Verlag, 1995), 161–2
Benz, Wolfgang, Patriot und Paria. Das Leben des Erwin Goldmann zwischen Judentum und Nationalsozialismus (Berlin: Metropol, 1997), 16
Smith, Helmut Walser and Clark, Chris, “The Fate of Nathan,” in Protestants, Catholics and Jews in Germany, 1800–1914, ed. Smith, Helmut Walser (Oxford: Berg, 2001), 9
Klemperer, Victor, Leben sammeln, nicht fragen wozu und warum. Tagebücher 1925–1932 (Berlin: Aufbau Verlag, 1996), 643
Jacobs, Peter, Victor Klemperer. Im Kern ein deutsches Gewächs (Berlin: Aufbau Taschenbuch Verlag, 2000), 58, 44, 58–9
Lubarsch, Otto, Ein bewegtes Gelehrtenleben (Berlin: Verlag von Julius Springer, 1931), 553–4
Katz, Jacob, From Prejudice to Destruction. Anti-Semitism, 1700–1933 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980), 157–8
Fröhlich, Elke, ed., Die Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels, part I, vol. 1 (Munich: Saur, 1987), 219

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×