In the last few decades we have witnessed a trend in the international labor markets that from a historical point of view can be considered as a revolution, as it has caused dramatic shifts in the lives of people and created a new social and economic reality. The percentage of women in the active work population has increased rapidly in the USA, Europe, and Australia, as in many other regions around the world, to reach what seems to be its saturation point in most Scandinavian countries and dramatic increases in some southern European countries such as Spain. As a consequence we have seen the proliferation of dual-income families where role expectations toward men and women, both in their work activities and their domestic responsibilities, have radically changed (Bond, Galinsky, & Swangberg, 1998).

The male model of work prescribes an ideal employee who is male, full-time, and continuously at work from the end of the education, fully committed to the organization, and without any responsibilities outside of work (Lewis, 1997). This model is no longer valid and has become outdated (Bailyn & Harrington, 2004). In addition, we can also observe a change in attitudes toward what constitutes a successful career, especially among the generations X and Y. Young talents have started to question old assumptions about how work is done, how to show commitment, where and when to work, and how to advance in the company.