Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T06:25:54.226Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

17 - Nontubal Ectopic Pregnancy

from Section 3 - Infertility

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2018

By
Roxanne A. Vrees  and
Gary N. Frishman
Edited by
Lisa Keder  and
Martin E. Olsen
Lisa Keder
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
Martin E. Olsen
Affiliation:
East Tennessee State University
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Gynecologic Care , pp. 162 - 174
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 94, “Medical management of ectopic pregnancy,” Obstetrics & Gynecology, 111 (6), 1479–85.Google Scholar
Chetty, M, Elson, J (2009), “Treating non-tubal ectopic pregnancy,” Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 23 (4), 529–38.Google Scholar
Korhonen, J, Stenman, UH, Ylotalo, P (1994), “Serum human chorionic gonadotropin dynamics during spontaneous resolution of ectopic pregnancy,” Fertility and Sterility, 61, 632–5.Google Scholar
Raughley, MJ, Frishman, GN (2007), “Local treatment of ectopic pregnancy,” Seminars in Reproductive Medicine, 25 (2), 99–115.Google Scholar
Chang, J, Elam-Evan, LD, Berg, CJ et al. (2003), “Pregnancy-related mortality surveillance: United States, 1991–1999,” MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 52, 1–8.Google Scholar
Barnhart, KT, Sammel, MD, Gracia, CR, Chittams, J, Hummel, AC, Shaunik, A (2006), “Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy in women with symptomatic first-trimester pregnancies,” Fertility & Sterility, 86, 36–43.Google Scholar
Chow, WH, Daling, JR, Cates, W JR, Greenberg, RS ( 1987), “Epidemilogy of ectopic pregnancy,” Epidemiologic Reviews, 9, 70–94.Google Scholar
Ankum, WM, Mok, BW, Van der Veen, R, Bossyut, PM (1996), “Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a meta-analysis,” Fertility and Sterility, 65, 1093–9.Google Scholar
Silva, C, Sammel, MD, Zhou, L, Gracia, CR, Hummel, AC, Barnhart, KT(2006), “Human chorionic gonadotropin profile for women with ectopic pregnancy,” Obstetrics & Gynecology, 117, 605–11.Google Scholar
Creanga, AA, Shapiro-Mendoza, CK, Bish, CL, Zane, S, Berg, CJ, Callaghan, WM. (2011), “Trends in ectopic pregnancy mortality in the United States 1980–2007,” Obstetrics & Gynecology, 117 (4), 837–43.Google Scholar
Jin, H, Shou, J, Yu, Y et al. (2004), “Intramural pregnancy, a report of two cases,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 49 (7), 569–72.Google Scholar
Ayinde, OA, Aimakhu, CO, Adeyanju, OA et al. (2005), “Abdominal pregnancy at University College Hospital, Ibadan: a ten-year review,” African Journal of Reproductive Health, 9, 123–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oki, T, Baba, Y, Yoshinaga, M et al. (2008), “Super-selective arterial embolization for uncontrolled bleeding in abdominal pregnancy,” Obstetrics & Gynecology, 112, 427–29.Google Scholar
Mitra, AG, LeQuire, MH (2003), “Minimally invasive management of 14.5 week abdominal pregnancy without laparotomy: a novel approach using percutaneous sonographically guided feticide and systemic methotrexate,” Journal of Ultrasound Medicine, 22, 709–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shaw, SW, Hsu, JJ, Chueh, HY et al. (2007), “Management of primary abdominal pregnancy: twelve years of experience in a medical centre,” Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 86 (9), 1058–62.Google Scholar
Seckin, B, Turkcapar, FA, Tarhan, I, Yalcin, HR (2011), “Advanced intraligamentary pregnancy resulting in a live birth,” Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 31 (3), 260–9.Google Scholar
Ushakov, FB, Elchalal, U, Aceman, PJ et al. (1996), “Cervical pregnancy: past and future,” Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 52, 45–59.Google Scholar
Kirk, E, Bourne, T (2009), “Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy with ultrasound,” Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 23 (4), 501–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ackerman, TE et al. (1993), “Interstitial line: sonographic finding in interstitial (cornual) ectopic pregnancy,” Radiology, 189 (1), 83–7.Google Scholar
Leeman, LM, Wendlan, CI (2000), “Cervical ectopic pregnancy: diagnosis with endocervical ultrasound examination and succesfull treatment with methotrexate,” Archives of Family Medicine, 9, 72–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spitzer, D, Steiner, H, Graf, A et al. (1997), “Conservative treatment of cervical pregnancy by curettage and local injection,” Human Reproduction, 12 (4), 860–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cosin, JA, Bean, M, Grow, D et al. (1997), “The use of methotrexate and arterial embolization to avoid surgery in a case of cervical pregnancy,” Fertility and Sterility, 67 (6), 1169–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeng, CJ, Ko, ML, Shen, J. (2007), “Transvaginal ultrasound-guided treatment of cervical pregnancy,” Obstetrics & Gynecology, 109 (5), 1076–82.Google Scholar
Barnhart, K, Spandorfer, S, Coutifaris, C. (1997), “Medical treatment of interstitial pregnancy: a report of three unsuccessful cases,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 42 (8), 521–4.Google Scholar
Voigt, RR et al. (1994), “Treatment of interstitial pregnancy with methotrexate: report of an unsuccessful case,” Human Reproduction, 9 (8), 1576–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hung, TH et al. (1998), “Prognostic factors for an unsatisfactory primary methotrexate treatment of cervical pregnancy: a quantitative review,” Human Reproduction, 13 (9), 2636–42.Google Scholar
Shufaro, Y, Nadjari, M (2001), “Implantation of a gestational sac in a cesarean section scar,” Fertility and Sterility, 75 (6), 12–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graesslin, O, Dedecker, F, Quereux, C et al. (2005), “Conservative treatmentof ectopic pregnancy in a cesarean scar,” Obstetrics & Gynecology, 105 (4), 869–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, A, Jurkovic, D (1999), “Three-dimensional ultrasound diagnosis of interstitial pregnancy,” Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology: The Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 14 (4), 292–3.Google Scholar
Jurkovic, D et al. (2003), “First-trimester diagnosis and management of pregnancies implanted into the lower uterine segment Cesarean section scar,” Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 21 (3), 220–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Vaate, AJ et al. (2010), “Therapeutic options of caesarean scar pregnancy: case series and literature review,” Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, 38 (2), 75–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yang, MJ, Jeng, MH (2003), “Combination of transarterial embolisation of uterine arteris and conservative surgical treatment for pregnancy in a cesarean section scar: a report of three cases,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 48, 213–16.Google Scholar
Jurkovic, D, Ben-nagi, J, Offili-Yebovi, D et al. (2007), “Efficacy of Shirodkar cervical suture in securing hemostasis following surgical evacuation of Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy,” Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 30, 95–100.Google Scholar
Hwang, JH et al. (2010), “Classification and management of cervical ectopic pregnancies: experience at a single institution,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 55 (11–12), 469–76.Google ScholarPubMed
Bouyer, J, Coste, J, Ferrnandez, K et al. (2002), “Sites of ectopic pregnancy; a 10 year population-based study of 1800 cases,” Human Reproduction, 17, 3224–30.Google Scholar
Jurkovic, D, Marvelos, D (2007), “Catch me if you can: ultrasound diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy,” Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 30, 1–7Google Scholar
Tulandi, T, Saleh, A (1999), “Surgical management of three ectopic pregnancy,” Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology, 42, 31–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moon, HS, Choi, YJ, Park, YH et al. (2000), “New simple endoscopic operations for interstial pregnancies,” American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 182, 114–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, MC, Su, TH, Lee, MY (2005), “Laparoscopic management of interstial pregnancy,” International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 88, 51–2.Google Scholar
Cassik, P, Offili-Yebovi, D, Yazbek, U et al (2005), “Factors influencing the success of conservative treatment of interstial pregnancy,” Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 26, 279–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jermy, K, Thomas, J, Doo, A et al. (2004), “The conservative management of interstitial pregnancy,” British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 111, 1283–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Hiersch, L, Krissi, H, Ashwal, E, From, A, Wiznitzer, A, Pheled, Y (2014), “Effectiveness of medical treatment with methotrexate for interstitial pregnancy,” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 54, 576–80.Google Scholar
Hafner, T et al. (1999), “The effectiveness of non-surgical management of early interstitial pregnancy: a report of ten cases and review of the literature,” Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology: The Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 13 (2), 131–6.Google Scholar
Lau, S, Tulandi, T (1999), “Conservative medical and surgical management of interstitial ectopic pregnancy,” Fertility and Sterility, 72 (2), 207–15.Google Scholar
Nahum, GG (2002), “Rudimentary uterine horn pregnancy: the twentieth century worldwide experience of 588 cases,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 47, 151–63.Google Scholar
Timor-Tritsch, IE et al. (1992), “Sonographic evolution of cornual pregnancies treated without surgery,” Obstetrics & Gynecology, 79 (6), 1044–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Spiegelberg, O. (1873), “Zur kasuistik der ovarialschwangerschaft,” Archiv für Gynaekologie, 13, 73–9.Google Scholar
Molinaro, TA, Barnhart, KT (2007), “Ectopic pregnancies in unusual locations,” Seminars in Reproductive Medicine, 25 (2), 123–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ghi, T, Banfi, A, Marconi, R et al. (2005), “Three-dimensional sonographic diagnosis of ovarian pregnancy,” Ultrasound Obstetrics and Gynecology, 26, 102–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Comstock, C, Huston, K, Lee, W (2005), “The ultrasonographic appearance of ovarian ectopic pregnancies,” Obstetrics and Gynecology, 105(1), 42–5.Google ScholarPubMed
Nicholas, FK, Schwartz, LB (1992), “Primary ovarian pregnancy successfully treated with methotrexate,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 167 (5), 1307–8.Google Scholar
Seinera, P, DiGregorio, A, Arisio, R et al. (199), “Ovarian pregnancy and operative laparoscopy: report of eight cases,” Human Reproduction, 12(3), 608–10.Google Scholar
Barnhart, KT (2009), “Ectopic pregnancy: clinical practice,” New England Journal of Medicine, 361(4), 379–87.Google Scholar
Perez, JA et al. (1993), “Local medical treatment of interstitial pregnancy after in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET): two case reports,” Human Reproduction, 8 (4), 631–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, CN et al. (2007), “Successful management of heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy combined with intrauterine pregnancy after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer,” Fertility and Sterility, 88 (3), 706, e13–6.Google Scholar
Faschingbauer, F et al. (2011), “Treatment of heterotopic cervical pregnancies,” Fertility and Sterility, 95(50), 1787.e9-13.Google Scholar
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Guideline No. 21 (Revised 2010). The management of tubal pregnancy, 1–10.Google Scholar
Bourdel, N et al. (2007), “Interstitial pregnancy. Ultrasonographic diagnosis and contribution of MRI: A case report,” Gynecologie, Obstetrique & Fertilité, 35 (2), 121–4.Google Scholar
Rotas, MA, Haberman, S, Levgur, M. (2006), “Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies: etiology, diagnosis, and management,” Obstetrics & Gynecology, 107 (6), 1373–81.Google Scholar
Benifla, JL et al. (1996), “Alternative to surgery of treatment of unruptured interstitial pregnancy: 15 cases of medical treatment,” European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, 70 (2), 151–6.Google Scholar
Doubilet, PM et al. (2004), “Sonographically guided minimally invasive treatment of unusual ectopic pregnancies,” Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine: Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, 23 (3), 359–70.Google Scholar
Cerveira, I et al. (2008), “Cervical ectopic pregnancy successfully treated with local methotrexate injection,” Fertility and Sterility, 90 (5), e7–05, e10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moon, HS et al. (2010), “Use of Tuohy needle for intraamniotic methotrexate injection through the cervical canal in a cervical pregnancy after failure of systemic methotrexate treatment,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 202 (5), e4–6.Google Scholar
Tanaka, T, Hayashi, H, Kutsuzawa, T, Fujimoto, S, Ichinoe, K. (1982), “Treatment of interstitial ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate: report of a successful case,” Fertility and Sterility, 37, 851–2.Google Scholar
Tulandi, T et al. (1991), “Treatment of ectopic pregnancy by transvaginal intratubal methotrexate administration,” Obstetrics & Gynecology, 77 (4), 627–30.Google ScholarPubMed
Fernandez, H et al. (1993), “Methotrexate treatment of ectopic pregnancy: 100 cases treated by primary transvaginal injection under sonographic control,” Fertility and Sterility, 59 (4), 773–7.Google Scholar
Fernandez, H et al. (1994), “Treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancy with methotrexate: pharmacokinetic analysis of local versus intramuscular administration,” Fertility and Sterility, 62 (5), 943–7.Google Scholar
Lin, YS et al. (2007), “Successful rescue of an early interstitial pregnancy after failed systemic methotrexate treatment: a case report,” Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 52 (4), 332–4.Google ScholarPubMed
Sagiv, R et al. (2001), “Three conservative approaches to treatment of interstitial pregnancy,” Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists, 8 (1), 154–8.Google Scholar
Timor-Tritsch, IE et al. (1994), “Successful management of viable cervical pregnancy by local injection of methotrexate guided by transvaginal ultrasonography,” American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 170 (3), 737–9.Google Scholar
Verma, U, Goharkhay, N (2009), “Conservative management of cervical ectopic pregnancy,” Fertility and Sterility, 91 (3), 671–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, MI, Britt, DW (2005), “Fetal reduction,” Seminars in Perinatology, 29 (5), 321–9.Google Scholar
Goldenberg, M et al. (1992), “Treatment of interstitial pregnancy with methotrexate via hysteroscopy,” Fertility and Sterility, 58 (6), 1234–6.Google Scholar
Hartung, J, Meckies, J (2003), “Management of a case of uterine scar pregnancy by transabdominal potassium chloride injection,” Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology: The Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 21 (1), 94–5.Google Scholar
Darai, E et al. (1996), “Transvaginal intratubal methotrexate treatment of ectopic pregnancy: report of 100 cases,” Human Reproduction, 11 (2), 420–4.Google Scholar
The Practice Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (2006), “Medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy,” Fertility and Sterility, 86 (4), S96–S102.Google Scholar
Gamzul, R, Almong, B, Levin, Y et al. (2002), “The ultrasonographic appearance of tubal pregnancy in patients treated with methotrexate,” Human Reproduction 17 (10), 2585–7.Google Scholar
Krissi, H, Hiersch, L, Stolovitch, N, Nitke, S, Wiznitzer, A, Peled, Y (2014), “Outcome, complications and future fertility in women treated with uterine artery embolization and methotrexate for non-tubal ectopic pregnancy,” European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 182, 172–6.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×