The conclusion synthesizes the book’s main argument: IOs, INGOs, and bilateral donors are designed to fail at peacebuilding but sometimes succeed because of the interaction between formal peacebuilding accountability and informal local accountability, made possible by the efforts of innovative country-level staff circumventing standard operating procedures. It addresses potential alternative explanations to this claim. It then discusses the relevance of the book’s theory for IOs, INGOs, and bilateral donors operating in sectors other than peacebuilding and in countries other than Burundi, based on additional research conducted in the DRC, Nepal, South Sudan, and Sudan. It also presents concrete recommendations for policy makers and practitioners and discusses open questions that could inform future research.