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5 - The Scales of Turbulent Motion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 January 2025

Parviz Moin  and
W. H. Ronald Chan
Parviz Moin
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
W. H. Ronald Chan
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
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Summary

Building on the governing equations and spectral tools introduced in earlier chapters, we analyze the energy cascade, which describes the transfer of turbulent kinetic energy from large to small eddies. This includes an estimate of the energy dissipation rate, as well as the characteristic length and time scales of the smallest-scale motions. Nonlinearity in the Navier-Stokes equations is responsible for triadic interactions between wavenumber triangles that drive energy transfer between scales. Empirical observations suggest that the net transfer of energy occurs from large to small scales. In systems where the large scales are sufficiently separated from the small scales, an inertial subrange emerges in an intermediate range of scales where the dynamics are scale invariant. Kolmogorov’s similarity hypotheses and the ensuing expressions for the inertial-subrange energy spectrum and viscous scales are introduced. The Kolmogorov spectrum for the inertial subrange, which corresponds to a -5/3 power law, is a celebrated result in turbulence theory. We further discuss key characteristic turbulence scales including the Taylor microscale and Batchelor scale.

Keywords

Energy cascadetriadic interactionslocal isotropyinertial subrangescale invarianceenergy dissipationKolmogorov’s similarity hypothesesKolmogorov scalesTaylor microscaleBatchelor scale
Type
Chapter
Information
Fundamentals of Turbulent Flows , pp. 140 - 171
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

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