from Section 2 - Physiology
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 January 2017
There are two kidneys, which are normally 10–12 cm in length. They are enlarged in adult polycystic kidney disease but may be atrophic in chronic kidney disease. The upper pole is located under the eleventh and twelveth ribs in the retroperitoneum. Each kidney has a capsule, cortex and medulla (Figure 16.1a).
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