Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T17:08:55.520Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 8 - Choice and Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 February 2019

Sarah M. Creighton
Affiliation:
University College London Hospital
Lih-Mei Liao
Affiliation:
University College London Hospital
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery
Solution to What Problem?
, pp. 72 - 79
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Ethics Committee. Ethical Opinion Paper: Ethical considerations in relation to female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS), 2013.Google Scholar
MYA Cosmetic Surgery. Labiaplasty. Available from: www.mya.co.uk/labiaplasty/#dqD4VLXScbtZAKUk.97Google Scholar
Mill, JS. On liberty. In Utilitarianism, on liberty, considerations on representative government. London: Everyman; 1994.Google Scholar
Chambers, C. Sex, culture, and justice: The limits of choice. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press; 2008.Google Scholar
Barry, B. Culture and equality: An egalitarian critique of multiculturalism. Cambridge: Polity Press; 2001.Google Scholar
Chambers, C. Judging women: Twenty-five years further toward a feminist theory of the state. Feminist Philos Q. 2007;3(2.5). https://doi.org/10.5206/fpq/2017.2.5Google Scholar
Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Cosmetic procedures: Ethical issues. London: Nuffield Council on Bioethics; 2017.Google Scholar
MacCallum, F, Widdows, H. Altered images: Understanding the influence of unrealistic images and beauty aspirations. Health Care Analysis. 2016. doi 10.1007/s10728-016-0327-1.Google Scholar
O’Connor, R. Designer vagina surgery could be as illegal as FGM, Theresa May warns. The Independent (10 December 2014). Available from: www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/designer-vagina-surgery-could-be-as-illegal-as-fgm-theresa-may-warns-9915466.htmlGoogle Scholar
Mills & Reeve. Briefing: The Female Genital Mutilation Act and its relation to female genital cosmetic surgery (October 2013). Available from: www.mills-reeve.com/files/Publication/e023b495-a726-4241-b4dc-5d607f22d2f4/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/efa6e8e7-14e1-498d-9496-5fc0bde49384/FGMA_Oct13.pdfGoogle Scholar
Berer, M. Labia reduction for non-therapeutic purposes vs. female genital mutilation: contradictions in law and practice in Britain. Reprod Health Matters. 2010;18(35). Available from: www.thefreelibrary.com/Labia+reduction+for+non-therapeutic+reasons+vs.+female+genital…-a0236247700Google Scholar
Crown Prosecution Service. Female genital mutilation legal guidance. Available from: www.cps.gov.uk/legal/d_to_g/female_genital_mutilation/#a01Google Scholar
Explanatory Note to UK Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003. Available from: www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/31/contentsGoogle Scholar
Davis, K. Reshaping the female body: The dilemma of plastic surgery. London: Routledge; 1995.Google Scholar
Sharp, G, Tiggemann, M, Mattiske, J. Factors that influence the decision to undergo labiaplasty: Media, relationships, and psychological well-being. Aesthet Surg J. 2016;36(4):469–78.Google Scholar
McCartney, J. Great Wall of Vagina. Fine Art Studios. Available from: www.greatwallofvagina.co.uk/homeGoogle Scholar
Rogers, RG. Most women who undergo labiaplasty have normal anatomy; we should not perform labiaplasty. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;211(3):218–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crouch, N, Deans, R, Michala, L, Liao, LM, Creighton, S. Clinical characteristics of well women seeking labial reduction surgery: A prospective study. BJOG. Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;118:1507–10.Google Scholar
Greenfield, L. Generation wealth. London: Phaidon Press; 2017.Google Scholar
Schick, VR, Rima, BN, Calabrese, SK. Evulvaluation: The portrayal of women’s external genitalia and physique across time and the current Barbie doll ideals. J Sex Res. 2010;48(1):7481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braun, V. Female genital cosmetic surgery: A critical review of current knowledge and contemporary debates. J Womens Health. 2010;19(7):1393–407.Google Scholar
Moran, C, Lee, C. What’s normal? Influencing women’s perceptions of normal genitalia: An experiment involving exposure to modified and nonmodified images. BJOG. 2014;121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howarth, C, Hayes, J, Simonis, M, Temple-Smith, M. ‘Everything’s neatly tucked away’: Young women’s views on desirable vulval anatomy. Cult Health Sex. 2016;18 (12). Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Everything’s+neatly+tucked+awayGoogle Scholar
Sharp, G, Mattiske, J, Vale, KI. Motivations, expectations, and experiences of labiaplasty: A qualitative study. Aesthet Surg J. 2016;36(8): 920–8.Google Scholar
Nuffield Council on Bioethics Online Questionnaire, as summarized at http://nuffieldbioethics.org/wp-content/uploads/Survey-Monkey-Questionnaire-analysis.pdfGoogle Scholar
Chambers, C. Normal bodies: Cultural, cosmetic, and clinical surgery. MS.Google Scholar
Baroness Rendell of Babergh, speaking in the debate on the Female Genital Mutilation Bill in the House of Lords. Hansard HL Deb. 12 September 2003, Vol 652 cc635-53. Available from: http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/lords/2003/sep/12/female-genital-mutilation-billGoogle Scholar
Sandra Gidley (Romsey), speaking in the debate on the Female Genital Mutilation Bill in the House of Commons. Hansard HC Deb. 21 March 2003, Vol 401 cc1188-208. Available from: http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/2003/mar/21/female-genital-mutilation-bill.Google Scholar
Rumsey, N, Harcourt, D (eds). Oxford handbook of the psychology of appearance. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×