Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T17:08:43.157Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - The Security Council's Alliance of Gender Legitimacy: The Symbolic Capital of Resolution 1325

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2010

Hilary Charlesworth
Affiliation:
Australian National University, Canberra
Jean-Marc Coicaud
Affiliation:
United Nations University, New York
Get access

Summary

The Security Council recognizes that peace is inextricably linked with equality between women and men…[and] that the equal access and full participation of women in power structures and their full involvement in all efforts for the prevention and resolution of conflicts are essential for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security.

– Ambassador Anwarul Karim Chowdury (2000) President, UN Security Council

Recent feminist efforts to engage with the United Nations (UN) Security Council could be dismissed as a futile attempt to employ the “master's tools” to dismantle the “master's house.” There is a long history of lip service by international institutions to the antimilitaristic ways of thinking that have been at the heart of women's peace movements for centuries. However unlikely it was, these efforts have borne fruit as evidenced by the Statement of the Council's President, Bangladeshi Ambassador Chowdury, on International Women's Day in 2000, linking gender equality “inextricably” with peace, the core project of the UN. The Statement was followed several months later, on October 31, by the Council's unanimous adoption of Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security. The resolution calls for inter alia the increased participation of women in decision making related to the prevention, management, and resolution of armed conflict. Although it is nonbinding, the resolution has been enormously productive. Not only has it provided the basis for strengthening institutional commitment to gender mainstreaming and continuing annual dialogue between women's peace advocates and the Security Council in New York, it has also supplied leverage for many grassroots women's groups to claim a role in peace negotiations and postconflict decision making.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Audre, Lorde (1993). “The Master's Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master's House,” in Zami, Sister Outsider, Undersong (New York: Quality Paperback Book Club), pp. 110–113Google Scholar
Georgina, Ashworth (1999). “The Silencing of Women,” in Dunne, Tim & Wheeler, Nicholas J. (eds.), Human Rights in Global Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 259Google Scholar
Dianne, Otto (2006). “A Sign of ‘Weakness’? Disrupting Gender Certainties in the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325,” Michigan Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 13, no. 1, 113Google Scholar
Anne, Wiltsher (1985). Most Dangerous Women: Feminist Peace Campaigners of the Great War (London: Pandora)Google Scholar
Rupp, Leila (1997). Worlds of Women: The Making of an International Women's Movement (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press), pp. 19, 51–81Google Scholar
Woolf, Virginia (1938). Three Guineas (London: Hogarth)Google Scholar
Cohn, Carol, Kinsella, Helen, & Gibbings, Sheri (2004). “Women, Peace and Security: Resolution 1325,” International Feminist Journal of Politics, Vol. 6, no. 1, 130, 131CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurd, Ian (2007). After Anarchy: Legitimacy and Power at the United Nations (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press)Google Scholar
Halley, Janet; Kotiswaran, Prabha; Shamir, Hila; & Thomas, Chantal (2006). “From the International to the Local in Feminist Legal Responses to Rape, Prostitution/Sex Work, and Sex Trafficking: Four Studies in Contemporary Governance Feminism,” Harvard Journal of Law and Gender, Vol. 29: 335Google Scholar
Rehn, Elisabeth, & Sirleaf, Ellen Johnson (2002). Women, War, and Peace: The Independent Experts' Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women's Role in Peacebuilding (New York: United Nations Development Fund for Women)Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre (1991). Language and Symbolic Power, Raymond, Gino & Adamson, Matthew (trans.) (Cambridge: Polity Press)Google Scholar
Simpson, Gerry (2003). Great Powers and Outlaw States: Unequal Sovereigns in the International Legal Order (New York: Cambridge University Press), pp. 167–179Google Scholar
Geiger, Rudolph (2002). “The Security Council,” in Simma, Bruno (ed.), The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary (Oxford: Oxford University Press)Google Scholar
Evans, Gareth (1993). Cooperating for Peace: The Global Agenda for the 1990s and Beyond (Sydney: Allen & Unwin)Google Scholar
Chayes, Abram (1991). “The Use of Force in the Persian Gulf,” in Damrosch, Lori F. & Scheffer, David J. (eds.), Law and Force in the New International Order (Boulder, CO: Westview Press), p. 3Google Scholar
Weston, Burns H. (1991). “Security Council Resolution 678 and Persian Gulf Decision Making: Precarious Legitimacy,” American Journal of International Law, Vol. 85: 516CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caron, David D. (1993). “The Legitimacy of the Collective Authority of the Security Council,” American Journal of International Law, Vol. 87: 552CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, Sean D. (1994). “The Security Council, Legitimacy, and the Concept of Collective Security After the Cold War,” Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, Vol. 32: 201Google Scholar
Koskenniemi, Martti (1995). “The Police in the Temple: Order, Justice, and the UN: A Dialectical View,” European Journal of International Law, Vol. 6/3: 325CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malone, David M. (2000). “The Security Council in the 1990s: Inconsistent, Improvisational, Indispensable?,” in Thakur, Ramesh & Newman, Edward (eds.), New Millennium, New Perspectives: The United Nations, Security, and Governance (Toronto: United Nations University Press), p. 21Google Scholar
Boutros-Ghali, Boutros (1996). An Agenda for Democratization (New York: United Nations), p. 49Google Scholar
Smith, M. (1994). “Expanding the Permanent Membership in the UN Security Council: Opening a Pandora's Box of Needed Change?,” Dickenson Journal of International Law, Vol. 12: 173Google Scholar
,Commission on Global Governance (1995). Our Global Neighborhood, Carlsson, Co-Chairs Ingvar & Ramphal, Shridath (New York: Oxford University Press), pp. 240–241Google Scholar
Russett, Bruce (ed.) (1997). The Once and Future Security Council (New York: St. Martin's Press)
Kirgis, Frederic L. (1995). “The Security Council's First Fifty Years,” American Journal of International Law, Vol. 89: 506, 518–519CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franck, Thomas M. (1992). “The ‘Powers of Appreciation’: Who Is the Ultimate Guardian of UN Legality?,” American Journal of International Law, Vol. 86: 519CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reisman, Michael (1993). “The Constitutional Crisis in the United Nations,” American Journal of International Law, Vol. 87: 83, 86Google Scholar
Alston, Philip (1992). “The Security Council and Human Rights: Lessons to be Learned from the Iraq–Kuwait Crisis and Its Aftermath,” Australian Yearbook on International Law, Vol. 13: 107Google Scholar
Newman, Dwight (1999–2000). “A Human Security Council? Applying a ‘Human Security’ Agenda to Security Council Reform,” Ottawa Law Review/Revue de droit d'Ottawa, Vol. 31: 213, 219Google Scholar
Franck, Thomas M. (1989). “Is Justice Relevant to the International Legal System?,” Notre Dame Law Review, Vol. 64: 945Google Scholar
Franck, Thomas M., & Hawkins, Steven W. (1989). “Justice in the International System,” Michigan Journal of International Law, Vol. 10: 127Google Scholar
Georgiev, Dencho (1989). “Letter,” American Journal of International Law, Vol. 83: 554Google Scholar
Franck, Thomas M. (1990). The Power of Legitimacy Among Nations (New York: Oxford University Press)Google Scholar
Alvarez, José (1991). “The Quest for Legitimacy: An Examination of The Power of Legitimacy Among Nations by Thomas M. Franck,” New York University Journal of International Law and Policy, Vol. 24: 199Google Scholar
Mertus, Julie (2000). “Reconsidering the Legality of Humanitarian Intervention: Lessons from Kosovo,” William and Mary Law Review, Vol. 41: 1743, 1751Google Scholar
Stiglmayer, Alexandra (ed.) (1994). Mass Rape: The War Against Women in Bosnia-Herzegovenia (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press)
Brownmiller, Susan (1975). Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape (New York: Simon & Schuster), pp. 40–86Google Scholar
Chang, Iris (1997). The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II (New York: Basic Books)Google Scholar
Chinkin, Christine (2001). “Women's International Tribunal on Japanese Military Sexual Slavery,” American Journal of International Law, Vol. 95/2: 335CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardam, Judith (1998). “Women, Human Rights, and International Humanitarian Law,” International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 324: 421CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orford, Anne (1996). “The Politics of Collective Security,” Michigan Journal of International Law, Vol. 17: 373, pp. 378–380Google Scholar
Gardam, Judith, & Jarvis, Michelle (2000). “Women and Armed Conflict: The International Response to the Beijing Platform for Action,” Columbia Human Rights Law Review, Vol. 32: 1, p. 18Google Scholar
Enloe, Cynthia (1993). The Morning After: Sexual Politics at the End of the Cold War (Berkley: University of California Press), p. 259Google Scholar
Murray, Jennifer (2003). “Note: Who Will Police the Peacebuilders? The Failure to Establish Accountability of United Nations Civilian Police in the Trafficking of Women in Postconflict Bosnia and Herzegovina,” Columbia Human Rights Law Review, Vol. 34: 475, 528Google Scholar
Chinkin, Christine (2003). “Gender, Human Rights, and Peace Agreements,” Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution, Vol. 18: 867, 874Google Scholar
Tickner, J. Anne (1992). Gender in International Relations: Feminist Perspectives on Achieving Global Security (New York: Columbia University Press), pp. 54–66Google Scholar
Charlesworth, Hilary, & Chinkin, Christine (2000). The Boundaries of International Law: A Feminist Analysis (Manchester: Manchester University Press), pp. 275–276Google Scholar
Bahdi, Reem (2002). “Iraq, Sanctions, and Security: A Critique,” Duke Journal of Gender, Law, and Policy, Vol. 9: 237Google Scholar
Hill, Felicity (2002). “NGOs and the Security Council,” Disarmament Forum, Vol. 1: 27Google Scholar
True-Frost, Cora C. (2007). “The Security Council and Norm Consumption,” New York University Journal of International Law and Policy, Vol. 40: 115Google Scholar
Otto, Dianne (1999). “Whose Security? Re-imagining Post–Cold War Peacekeeping from a Feminist Perspective,” in Patman, Robert G. (ed.), Security in a Post–Cold War World (London: Macmillan Press), pp. 81–85Google Scholar
Gordon, Colin (1991). “Governmental Rationality: An Introduction,” in Burchell, Graham, Gordon, Colin, & Miller, Peter (eds.), The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press), pp. 1, 46Google Scholar
Pettman, Jan Jindy (1996). Worlding Women: A Feminist International Politics (St. Leonards, Australia: Allen & Unwin), pp. 105–106Google Scholar
Enloe, Cynthia (2000). Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives (Berkley: University of California Press), pp. 3–4Google Scholar
Petersen, V. Spike, & Runyan, Anne Sisson (1999). Global Gender Issues (Boulder, CO: Westview Press), pp. 115–116Google Scholar
Gibbings, Sheri (2004). Governing Women, Governing Security: Governmentality, Gender Mainstreaming, and Women's Activism at the UN, unpublished thesis, Graduate Program in Social Anthropology (Toronto: York University), pp. 60–61Google Scholar
Cohn, Carol (1993). “Wars, Wimps, and Women,” in Cooke, Miriam & Woollacott, Angela (eds.), Gendering War Talk (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press), p. 227Google Scholar
Gardam, Judith G., & Jarvis, Michelle J. (2001). Women, Armed Conflict, and International Law (The Hague: Kluwer)Google Scholar
Cohn, Carol (2004). “Feminist Peacemaking,” Women's Review of Books, Vol. 21/5: 8–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friends of Women, Peace, and Security,” 1325 PeaceWomen E-News, Vol. 3, June 28, 2002, p. 4
,Secretary-General (2002). Women, Peace and Security: Study Submitted by the Secretary-General Pursuant to Security Council Resolution S/RES/1325 (2000) (New York: United Nations)Google Scholar
Charlesworth, Hilary (1999). “Feminist Methods in International Law,” American Journal of International Law93/2: 379Google Scholar
Mertus, Julie (2000). “Feminist Curiosity Unravels Militarism: Why Method Matters,” Berkley Women's Law Journal, p. 338Google Scholar
Enloe, Cynthia (2000). Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives (Berkley: University of California Press)Google Scholar
Statements by Women from War-Torn Countries,” 1325 PeaceWomen E-News, Vol. 12, November 1, 2002, p. 6
Neuwirth, Jessica (2002). “Women and Peace and Security: The Implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325,” Duke Journal of Gender Law and Policy, Vol. 9: 253, 255Google Scholar
,Human Rights Watch (2002). “We Want to Live as Humans”: Repression of Women and Girls in Western Afghanistan (New York: Human Rights Watch)Google Scholar
,Amnesty International (2003). Afghanistan: “No One Listens to Us and No One Treats Us as Human Beings”: Justice Denied to Women (London: Amnesty International)Google Scholar
Abdela, Lesley (2003). “No Place for a Woman,” London TimesGoogle Scholar
,Editorial (2003). “Afghan Women's Rights,” New York TimesGoogle Scholar
,Human Rights Watch (2003). “Killing You Is a Very Easy Thing for Us”: Human Rights Abuses in Southeast Afghanistan (New York: Human Rights Watch), July, pp. 24–28, 70–88Google Scholar
Gall, Carlotta (2004). “For More Afghan Women, Immolation Is Escape,” New York Times, March 8Google Scholar
Heikkila, Pia (2008). “Afghanistan Weighs Ban on Jeans and Make-up,” Age (Melbourne), April 25–26Google Scholar
Charlesworth, Hilary, & Wood, Mary (2002). “Women and Human Rights in the Rebuilding of East Timor,” Nordic Journal of International Law, Vol. 71: 325, 329CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Kane, Maggie (2001). “Return of the Revolutionaries,” Guardian, January 15Google Scholar
Baden, Sally, & Goetz, Anne Marie (1998). “Who Needs [Sex] When You Can Have [Gender]? Conflicting Discourses on Gender at Beijing,” in Jackson, Cecile & Pearson, Ruth (eds.), Feminist Visions of Development: Gender Analysis and Policy (New York: Routledge), pp. 19, 22Google Scholar
Brinkley, Joel, & Gall, Carlotta (2005). “Afghans Delay Vote a Third Time: Assembly Elections Moved to September,” International Herald Tribune, March 18, p. 5Google Scholar
Orford, Anne (2002). “Feminism, Imperialism, and the Mission of International Law,” Nordic Journal of International Law, Vol. 71: 275, p. 286CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brysk, Alison (2000). From Tribal Village to Global Village: Indian Rights and International Relations in Latin America (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press)Google Scholar
Keck, Margaret E., & Sikkink, Kathryn (1998). Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press)Google Scholar
Fukuyama, Francis (1998). “Women and the Evolution of World Politics,” Foreign Affairs Vol. 77/5: 24, 36CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehrenreich, Barbara; Pollitt, Katha; Ferguson, R. Brian; & Jaquette, Jane S. (1999). “Fukuyama's Follies: So What If Women Ruled the World?,” Foreign Affairs Vol. 78/1: 118–129CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×