Ayhan, A, Reed, N, Gultenkin, M, Dursun, P. Endometrial cancer epidemiology & treatment. In: Textbook of Gynaecological Oncology, 3rd edition. Ankara: Günes Publishing, 2016, pp. 529–538.Google Scholar

Colombo, N, Creutzberg, C, Amant, F, et al. ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO consensus conference on endometrial cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016;26:2–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Setiawan, VW, Yang, HP, Pike, MC, et al. Type I and II endometrial cancers: have they different risk factors? JCO 2013;31:2607–2618.Google Scholar

Ayhan, A, Reed, N, Gultenkin, M, Dursun, P. Endometrial hyperplasia without atypia and endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN). In: Textbook of Gynaecological Oncology, 3rd edition. Ankara: Günes Publishing, 2016, pp. 509–515.Google Scholar

RCOG. Management of endometrial hyperplasia. Green-top Guideline No. 67. 2016. Available at : www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/green-top-guidelines/gtg_67_endometrial_hyperplasia.pdf.Google Scholar

Berek, JS. Berek & Novak’s Gynecology, 15th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014.Google Scholar

Morice, P, Leary, A, Creutzberg, C, Abu-Rustum, N, Darai, E. Endometrial cancer. Lancet 2018;387:1094–1108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Iijima, M, Banno, K, Okawa, R, et al. Genome-wide analysis of gynecologic cancer: The Cancer Genome Atlas in ovarian and endometrial cancer. Oncol Lett 2018;13:1063–1070.Google Scholar

Talhouk, A, McAlpine, JN. New classification of endometrial cancers: the development and potential applications of genomic-based classification in research and clinical care. Gynaecol Oncol Res Pract 2018;3:14.Google Scholar

Ayhan, A, Reed, N, Gultenkin, M, Dursun, P. Use of preoperative biomarkers to identify high risk endometrial carcinoma patients. In: Textbook of Gynaecological Oncology, 3rd edition. Ankara: Günes Publishing, 2016, pp. 653–659.Google Scholar

Ayhan, A, Reed, N, Gultenkin, M, Dursun, P. Histopathology of endometrioid endometrial cancer. In: Textbook of Gynaecological Oncology, 3rd edition. Ankara: Günes Publishing, 2016, pp. 539–542.Google Scholar

Ayhan, A, Reed, N, Gultenkin, M, Dursun, P. Uterine serous carcinomas. In: Textbook of Gynaecological Oncology, 3rd edition. Ankara: Günes Publishing, 2016, pp. 565–579.Google Scholar

Ayhan, A, Reed, N, Gultenkin, M, Dursun, P. Uterine clear cell carcinomas. In: Textbook of Gynaecological Oncology, 3rd edition. Ankara: Günes Publishing, 2016, pp. 579–585.Google Scholar

Colombo, N, Preti, E, Landoni, F, et al. Endometrial cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2018;24:vi33–vi38.Google Scholar

Munro, M. Investigation of women with postmenopausal uterine bleeding: clinical practice recommendations. Perm J 2014;18:55–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Koutlaki, N, Dimitraki, M, Zervoudis, S, et al. Hysteroscopy and endometrial cancer: diagnosis and influence on prognosis. Gynecol Surg 2018;7:335–341.Google Scholar

Frühauf, F, Zikan, M, Semeradova, I, et al. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in assessment of myometrial invasion in endometrial cancer: subjective assessment versus objective techniques. Bio Med Res Int 2017. doi: 10.1155/2017/1318203.Google Scholar

Nougaret, S, Horta, M, Sala, E, et al. Endometrial cancer MRI staging: updated guidelines of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology. Eur Radiol 2018;29:792–705.Google Scholar

Pecorelli, S. Revised FIGO staging for carcinoma of the vulva, cervix, and endometrium. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2009;105:103–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ayhan, A, Reed, N, Gultenkin, M, Dursun, P. Conservative treatment of early endometrial cancer. In: Textbook of Gynaecological Oncology, 3rd edition. Ankara: Günes Publishing, 2016, pp. 586–593.Google Scholar

Stephan, J-M, Hansen, J, Samuelson, M, et al. Intra-operative frozen section results reliably predict final pathology in endometrial cancer. Gynecologic Oncol 2018;133:499–405.Google Scholar

Cripe, J, Handorf, E, Brown, J, et al. National Cancer Database report of lymphadenectomy trends in endometrial cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2017;27:1408–1415.Google Scholar

Ramirez, PT, Frumovitz, M, Abu-Rustum, NR. Principles of Gynecologic Oncology Surgery. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2018.Google Scholar

Holloway, RW, Abu-Rustum, NR, Backes, FJ, et al. Sentinel lymph node mapping and staging in endometrial cancer: a Society of Gynecologic Oncology literature review with consensus recommendations. Gynecologic Oncol 2017;146:405–415.Google Scholar

Bodurtha Smith, AJ, Fader, AN, Tanner, EJ. Sentinel lymph node assessment in endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017;216:459–476.e10.Google Scholar

Piovano, E, Fuso, L, Poma, CB, et al. Complications after the treatment of endometrial cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2014;24:418–426.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Viswanathan, AN, Lee, LJ, Eswara, JR, et al. Complications of pelvic radiation in patients treated for gynecologic malignancies. Cancer 2014;120:3870–3883.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

de Boer, SM, Powell, ME, Mileshkin, L, et al. Toxicity and quality of life after adjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for women with high-risk endometrial cancer (PORTEC-3): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2016;17:1114–1126.Google Scholar

Zhang, Y, Zhao, D, Gong, C, et al. Prognostic role of hormone receptors in endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2015;13.Google Scholar

Karnezis, AN, Leung, S, Magrill, J, et al. Evaluation of endometrial carcinoma prognostic immunohistochemistry markers in the context of molecular classification. J Path Clin Res 2017;3:279–293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Francis, M, Dennis, NL, Hischowitz, L, et al. Incidence and survival of gynaecologic sarcomas in England. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2015;25:850–857.Google Scholar

Oliva, E, Carcangiu, ML, Carinelli, SG, et al. Mesenchymal tumours. In: WHO Classification of Tumours of Female Reproductive Organs. Lyon: IARC, 2014, pp. 122–151.Google Scholar

Prat, J, Mbatani, N. Uterine sarcomas. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2015;131:S105–S110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hosh, M, Antar, S, Nazzal, A, et al. Uterine sarcoma: analysis of 13089 cases based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016;26:1098–1104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Garret, LA, Harmon, DC, Schorge, JO. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine corpus. JCO 2013;31:e48–e50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ferrari, A, Dileo, P, Casanova, M, et al. Rhabdomyosarcoma in adults: a retrospective analysis of 171 patients treated at a single institution. Cancer 2003;98:571–580.Google Scholar

Minard-Colin, V, Walterhouse, D, Bisogno, G, et al. Localized vaginal/uterine rhabdomyosarcoma: results of a pooled analysis from four international cooperative groups. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2018. doi: 10.1002/pbc.27096.Google Scholar

Felix, AS, Cook, LS, Gaudet, MM, et al. The etiology of uterine sarcomas: a pooled analysis of the epidemiology of endometrial cancer consortium. Br J Cancer 2013;108:727–734.Google Scholar

Pernick, N, Smooth muscle tumors of unknown malignant potential. Available at: www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/uterusSTUMP.html.Google Scholar

Benson, C, Miah, AB. Uterine sarcoma: current perspectives. Int J Womens Health 2017;9:597–606.Google Scholar

Tropé, CG, Abeler, VM, Kristensen, GB. Diagnosis and treatment of sarcoma of the uterus: a review. Acta Oncol 2012;51:694–705.Google Scholar

Amant, F, Coosemans, A, Debiec-Rychter, M, Timmerman, D, Vergote, I. Clinical management of uterine sarcomas. Lancet Oncol 2009;10:1188–1198.Google Scholar

Goto, A, Takeuchi, S, Sugimura, K, Maruo, T. Usefulness of Gd-DTPA contrast enhanced dynamic MRI and serum determination of LDH and its isozymes in the differential diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma from degenerated leiomyoma of the uterus. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2002;12:354–361.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sizzi, O, Manganaro, L, Rosetti, A, et al. Assessing the risk of laparoscopic morcellation of occult uterine sarcomas during hysterectomy and myomectomy: literature review and the ISGE recommendations. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018;220:30–38.Google Scholar

Perri, T, Korach, J, Sadetzki, S, et al. Uterine leiomyosarcoma: does the primary surgical procedure matter? Int J Gynecol Cancer 2009;19:257–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

US Food and Drug Administration, UPDATED laparoscopic uterine power morcellation in hysterectomy and myomectomy. FDA Safety Communication. 2014. Available at: www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/AlertsandNotices/ucm393576.htm.Google Scholar

Harris, JA, Swenson, CW, Uppal, S, et al. Practice patterns and postoperative complications before and after US Food and Drug Administration safety communications on power morcellation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016;214:98.e1–98.e13.Google Scholar

Bose, D. Fate of laparoscopic morcellation post-FDA warning: a literature review. Int J Med Res Rev 2016;4:1871–1881.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Power Morcellation and Occult Malignancy in Gynecologic Surgery. Washington DC: ACOG, 2014.Google Scholar

Clavero, JM, Deschamps, C, Cassivi, SD, et al. Gynecologic cancers: factors affecting survival after pulmonary metastasectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 2006;81:2004–2007.Google Scholar

Reed, NS, Mangioni, C, Malmström, H, et al. Phase III randomised study to evaluate the role of adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy in the treatment of uterine sarcomas stages I and II: an European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gynaecological Cancer Group Study (protocol 55874). Eur J Cancer 2008;44:808–818.Google Scholar

Malouf, GG, Lhommé, C, Duvillard, P, et al. Prognostic factors and outcome of undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma treated by multimodal therapy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2013;122:57–61.Google Scholar

Seagle, BL, Sobecki-Rausch, J, Strohl, AE, et al. Prognosis and treatment of uterine leiomyosarcoma: a National Cancer Database study. Gynecol Oncol 2017;145:61–70.Google Scholar

Desar, IME, Ottevanger, PB, Benson, C, van der Graaf, WTA. Systemic treatment in adult uterine sarcomas. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018;122:10–20.Google Scholar

Seddon, B, Strauss, SJ, Whelan, J, et al. Gemcitabine and docetaxel versus doxorubicin as first-line treatment in previously untreated advanced unresectable or metastatic soft-tissue sarcomas (GeDDiS): a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2017;18:1397–1410.Google Scholar

Judson, I, Verweij, J, Gelderblom, H, et al. Doxorubicin alone versus intensified doxorubicin plus ifosfamide for first-line treatment of advanced or metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2014;15:415–423.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Thanopoulou, E, Thway, K, Khabra, K, Judson, J. Treatment of hormone positive uterine leiomyosarcoma with aromatase inhibitors. Clin Sarcoma Res 2014;4:5.Google Scholar

Thanopoulou, E, Aleksic, A, Thway, K, Khabra, K, Judson, I. Hormonal treatments in metastatic endometrial stromal sarcomas: the 10-year experience of the sarcoma unit of Royal Marsden Hospital. Clin Sarcoma Res 2015;5:8.Google Scholar

Nakayama, K, Ishikawa, M, Nagai, Y, et al. Prolonged long-term survival of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma patients with lung metastasis following treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate. Int J Clin Oncol 2010;15:179–183.Google Scholar

Tap WD et al. Effect of doxorubicin plus olaratumab vs doxorubicin plus placebo on survival in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas. The ANNOUNCE randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2020;323:1266–1276.Google Scholar

Elvin, JA, Gay, LM, Ort, R, et al. Clinical benefit in response to palbociclib treatment in refractory uterine leiomyosarcomas with a common CDKN2A alteration. Oncologist 2017;22:416–421.Google Scholar

van der Graaf, WTA, Blay, J-Y, Chawla, SP, et al. Pazopanib for metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma (PALETTE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 2012;379:1879–1886.Google Scholar

George, S, Miao, D, Demetri, GD, et al. Loss of PTEN associated with resistance to anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade therapy in metastatic uterine leiomyosarcoma. Immunity 2017;46: 197–204.Google Scholar

Martin-Liberal, J, Benson, C, Messiou, C, Fisher, C, Judson, I. Reversion of hormone treatment resistance with the addition of an mTOR inhibitor in endometrial stromal sarcoma. Case Rep Med 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/612496.Google Scholar

Jimenez, WA, Sardi, A, Nieroda, C, Gushchin, V. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the management of recurrent high-grade uterine sarcoma with peritoneal dissemination. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014;210:259e1–259e8.Google Scholar

Carroll, A, Ramirez, PT, Westin, SN, et al. Uterine adenosarcoma: an analysis on management, outcome and risk factors for recurrence. Gynecol Oncol 2014;135:455–461.Google Scholar