In We Have Never Been Modern, Bruno Latour maintains that the intellectual culture in which we live does not know how to categorize. Using different labels such as science, society and technology, there have always been attempts to “retie the Gordian knot” by criss-crossing the divide that separates exact knowledge and the exercise of power. Here I am not moving along Latour' corridor using the Gordian knot as a metaphor for the beginning but rather in its conventional way of solving a difficult problem, so it is not “retying” but “untying the Gordian knot”.

But then anyone who is remotely familiar with this Greek legend will certainly notice the “mistake” in my title since it is generally believed that the knot cannot be untied; it needs to be cut. Alexander the Great demonstrated that. The “mistake”, however, is intentional because the thesis here will be to prove that Alexander, great as he is, is indeed wrong when it comes to political policy dealing with ethnic majority/minority relations because the Gordian knot cannot be cut but untied — as in the southern Thailand case and perhaps elsewhere in the world. I will return to Alexander later.

THE NRC REPORT AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Let me begin, however, with a few words about my work with the National Reconciliation Commission (NRC) headed by former Prime Minister Anand Panyarachun. The final NRC report was released on 5 June 2006, but unfortunately it came at a time when Thailand was undergoing acute political conflict at all levels. The report was a victim of that. The government of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinnawatra paid little attention to it. After the 19 September coup, when General (Ret) Surayud Chulanont became prime minister, especially during the first six months, he seemed to have done some things in line with NRC suggestions, including going down to the south and offering his apology to victims of violence. He also initiated some policies which underscored the use of reconciliation and nonviolent methods, though there are questions about how much progress has been made on the ground especially following the increasing use of government forces in recent months. What did the NRC report say? Among other things, Chapter IV contains the NRC' prognosis of the situation.