Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T20:11:23.061Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Ten - Destruction, Survival and Colonisation

Effects of the Roman Arrival to Epirus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 September 2021

Sylvian Fachard
Affiliation:
University of Lausanne
Edward M. Harris
Affiliation:
University of Durham
Get access

Summary

This chapter studies the consequences of the conquest of Epirus and the supposed destruction and enslavement of 70 cities and 150,000 persons by the Romans, as well as the region’s revitalization under Augustus.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Destruction of Cities in the Ancient Greek World
Integrating the Archaeological and Literary Evidence
, pp. 228 - 257
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alcock, S. 1993. Graecia Capta: The Landscape of Roman Greece, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Angeli, A. 2007. Orraon. A Brief Guide of the Archaeological Site, Ioannina.Google Scholar
Baatz, D. 1982. “Hellenistische Katapulte aus Ephyra (Epirus),” AM 97, pp. 211233.Google Scholar
Baatz, D. 1999. “Wehrhaftes Wohnen,” AntW 30, pp. 151155.Google Scholar
Bergemann, J. 1998. Die römische Kolonie von Butrint und die Romanisierung Griechenlands (Studien zur antiken Stadt 2), Munich.Google Scholar
Betsiou, A. 2019. “New Finds from the Roman Mausoleum of Zavali, Ladochori,” in Forsén 2019, pp. 199221.Google Scholar
Ble, E. 2016. “A Rain of Arrows, Projectiles, Darts and Bolts. A Metrological Classification of Roman Pyramidal-Headed Projectiles,” Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies 17, pp. 197201.Google Scholar
Bowden, W. 2003. Epirus Vetus: The Archaeology of a Late Antique Province, London.Google Scholar
Bowden, W. 2011. “‘Alien Settlers Consisting of Romans’: Identity and Built Environment in the Julio-Claudian Foundations of Epirus in the Century of Actium,” in Roman Colonies of the First Century and Their Foundation, ed. Sweetman, R. J., Oxford, pp. 101116.Google Scholar
Brélaz, C. 2014. Corpus des inscriptions grecques et latines de Philippes II. La colonie romaine 1. La vie publique de la colonie (Études épigraphiques 6), Paris.Google Scholar
Cabanes, P. 1976. L’Épire de la mort de Pyrrhos à la conquête romaine 272–167 av. J.C., Paris.Google Scholar
Cabanes, P. 1997. “From the Roman Conquest to the Great Crisis of the Third Century A.D.,” in Epirus. 4000 Years of Greek History and Civilization, ed. Sakellariou, M. B., Athens, pp. 114139.Google Scholar
Cabanes, P., and Andréou, J.. 1985. “Le règlement frontalier entre les cités d’Ambracie et de Charadros”, BCH 109, pp. 499544.Google Scholar
Cabanes, P., and Drini, F.. 2007. Corpus des inscriptions grecques d’Illyrie méridionale et d’Épire 2.2. Inscriptions de Bouthrôtos, Athens.Google Scholar
Calomino, D. 2011. Nicopolis d’Epiro: nuovi studi sulla zecca e sulla produzione monetale (BAR-IS 2214), Oxford.Google Scholar
Chouliaras, I. P., and Pliakou, G. T., eds. 2019. Θεσπρωτία Ι. Α΄ αρχαιολογικό και ιστορικό συνέδριο για τη Θεσπρωτία, Ioannina.Google Scholar
Cotton, H. M., Di Segni, L., Eck, W., Isaac, B., Kushnir-Stein, A., Misgav, H., Price, J. and Yardeni, A., eds. 2012. Corpus Inscriptionum Iudaeae/Palaestinae: A Multi-lingual Corpus of the Inscriptions from Alexander to Muhammad I.2, Jerusalem, Berlin and Boston.Google Scholar
Csapo, E., and Wilson, P.. 2020. A Social and Economic History of the Theatre to 300 BC II. Theatre beyond Athens: Documents with Translation and Commentary, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Dakaris, S. I. 1958. “Ανασκαφαί Εφύρας και Νεκυομαντείου Θεσπρωτίας,” Prakt 113, pp. 107113.Google Scholar
Dakaris, S. I. 1963. “Ανασκαφή εις το Nεκυομαντείον του Αχέροντος,” Prakt 118, pp. 8992.Google Scholar
Dakaris, S. I. 1971. Cassopaia and the Elean Colonies (Ancient Greek Cities 4), Athens.Google Scholar
Dakaris, S. I. 1987. “Ρωμαϊκή πολιτική στην Ήπειρο,” in Nicopolis I. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Nicopolis (23–29 September 1984), ed. Chrysos, E., Preveza, pp. 1121.Google Scholar
Dakaris, S. I. 1993. Το Νεκρομαντείο του Αχέροντα, Athens.Google Scholar
Daubner, F. 2018. Makedonien nach den Königen (168 v.Chr. – 14 n.Chr.) (Historia Einzelschriften 251), Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Deniaux, E. 1987. “Atticus et l’Épire,” in L’Illyrie méridionale et l’Épire dans l’antiquité I, ed. Cabanes, P., Paris, pp. 245254.Google Scholar
Deniaux, E. 2007. “La structure politique de la colonie romaine de Buthrotum,” in Roman Butrint: An Assessment, ed. Hansen, I. L. and Hodges, R., Oxford, pp. 3339.Google Scholar
Deniaux, E. 2009. “L’installation de colons romains sur le territoire de l’Albanie d’aujourd’hui: l’example de la colonie de Buthrote,” in Portraits de migrants, portraits de colons I, ed. Rouillard, P., Paris, pp. 141150.Google Scholar
Dominguez, A. J. 2015. “‘Phantom Eleans’ in Southern Epirus,” Ancient West & East 14, pp. 111143.Google Scholar
Dreizehnter, A. 1978. Die rhetorische Zahl. Quellenkritische Untersuchungen anhand der Zahlen 70 und 700, Munich.Google Scholar
Eberle, L. P., and Le Quéré, E.. 2017. “Landed Traders, Trading Agriculturalists? Land in the Economy of the Italian Diasporas in the Greek East,” JRS 107, pp. 133.Google Scholar
Ehmig, U., and Haensch, R.. 2012. Die lateinischen Inschriften aus Italien (LIA), Bonn.Google Scholar
Forsén, B. ed. 2009. Thesprotia Expedition I. Towards a Regional History (PMFIA XV), Helsinki.Google Scholar
Forsén, B. ed. 2019. Thesprotia Expedition IV. Region Transformed by Empire (PMFIA XXIV), Helsinki.Google Scholar
Forsén, B. 2011. “The Emerging Settlement Patterns of the Kokytos Valley,” in Forsén and Tikkala 2011, pp. 137.Google Scholar
Forsén, B. 2019a. “Early Roman Presence in Thesprotia: The Evidence from Agios Donatos of Zervochori,” in Chouliaras and Pliakou 2019, pp. 361372.Google Scholar
Forsén, B. 2019b. “Small Finds from the Tower Deposits of Agios Donatos,” in Forsén 2019, pp. 387412.Google Scholar
Forsén, B., and Reynolds, P.. 2011. “An Early Closed Deposit at the Roman Villa of Agios Donatos,” in Forsén and Tikkala 2011, pp. 247267.Google Scholar
Forsén, B., and Suha, M.. 2019. “Tower Stratigraphy on Agios Donatos,” in Forsén 2019, pp. 299316.Google Scholar
Forsén, B., and Tikkala, E.. eds. 2011. Thesprotia Expedition II. Environment and Settlement Patterns (PMFIA XVI), Helsinki.Google Scholar
Forsén, B., Forsén, J., Lazari, K. and Tikkala, E.. 2011. “Catalogue of Sites in the Central Kokytos Valley,” in Forsén and Tikkala 2011, pp. 73122.Google Scholar
Forsén, B., Korhonen, K. and Reynolds, P.. 2019. “Brick Stamps and Graffiti from Agios Donatos,” in Forsén 2019, pp. 413428.Google Scholar
Franke, P. R. 1961. Die antiken Münzen von Epirus I. Poleis, Stämme und Epirotischer Bund bis 27 v.Chr. Katalog und Untersuchungen, Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Freccero, A. 2019. “The Roman Villa of Agios Donatos: Fragments of Wall Painting,” in Forsén 2019, pp. 275298.Google Scholar
Giorgi, E. 2017. “Landscape and Citizens during the Early Roman Era in Northern Epirus: Phoinike and the Chaonia Region (2nd BC–2nd A.D.),” GROMA 2.Google Scholar
Giorgi, E., and Bogdani, J.. 2012. Il territorio di Phoinike in Caonia. Archeologia del paessaggio in Albania meridionale (Scavi di Phoinike. Serie monografica 1), Bologna.Google Scholar
Gravani, K. 2001. “Archaeological Evidence from Kassope: The Local Workshops of Mouldmade Bowls,” in Isager 2001, pp. 117145.Google Scholar
Gravani, K. 2007. “Ανασκαφικές μαρτυρίες για το συνοικισμό στη Νικόπολη,” in Zachos 2007, pp. 101122.Google Scholar
Haensch, R. 1997. Capita provinciarum. Statthaltersitze und Provinzialverwaltung in der römischen Kaiserzeit, Mainz.Google Scholar
Hakkarainen, M. 2009. “Venetian Presence in Thesprotia,” in Forsén 2009, pp. 223237.Google Scholar
Hammond, N. G. L. 1967. Epirus. The Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and the Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas, Oxford.Google Scholar
Hatzfeld, M. J. 1912. “Les Italiens résidant à Délos mentionnés dans les inscriptions de l’île,” BCH 36, pp. 5218.Google Scholar
Hatzfeld, J. 1919. Les trafiquants italiens dans l’Orient hellénique (Bibliothèque des Écoles françaises d’Athènes et de Rome 115), Paris.Google Scholar
Hatzopoulos, M. 1980. “Photicè – Colonie romaine en Thesprotie et les destinées de la latinité épirote,” Balkan Studies 21, pp. 97105.Google Scholar
Hernandez, D. R. 2010. “Excavations of the Roman Forum at Butrint (2004–2007). The Archaeology of a Hellenistic and Roman Port in Epirus,” (diss. Univ. of Cincinnati).Google Scholar
Hernandez, D. R. 2017a. “Buthrotum’s Sacred Topography and the Imperial Cult I: The West Courtyard and Pavement Inscription,” JRA 30, pp. 99125.Google Scholar
HGAtlas 2008. Historical and Geographical Atlas of the Greek-Albanian Border, Athens.Google Scholar
Hoover, O. D. 2016. Handbook of Coins of Northern and Central Greece (The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series 3), Lancaster and London.Google Scholar
Horvat, J. 2002. “The Hoard of Roman Republican Weapons from Grad near Šmihel,” Arheološki vestnik 53, pp. 117192.Google Scholar
Isager, J. ed. 2001. Foundation and Destruction: Nikopolis and Northwestern Greece. The Archaeological Evidence for the City Destructions, the Foundation of Nikopolis and the Synoecism, Århus.Google Scholar
Isager, J. 2001. “Eremia in Epirus and the Foundation of Nikopolis: Models of Civilization in Strabo,” in Isager 2001, pp. 1727.Google Scholar
Kanta-Kitsou, E. 2008. Gitana Thesprotia, Archaeological Guide, Athens.Google Scholar
Kanta-Kitsou, E., and Lambrou, V.. 2008. Doliani Thesprotia, Archaeological Guide, Athens.Google Scholar
Karambinis, M. 2018. “Urban Networks in the Roman Province of Achaia (Peloponnese, Central Greece, Epirus and Thessaly),” Journal of Greek Archaeology 3, pp. 269339.Google Scholar
Karatzeni, V. 2001. “Epirus in the Roman Era,” in Isager 2001, pp. 163179.Google Scholar
Katsari, C. 2008. “Enslavement and Death: The Third Macedonian War,” in From Captivity to Freedom: Themes in Ancient and Modern Slavery, eds. Katsari, C. and Dal Lago, E., Leicester, pp. 2139.Google Scholar
Kokolakis, M. 2003. Το ύστερο γιαννιώτικο πασαλίκι. Χώρος, διοίκηση και πληθυσμός στην Τουρκοκρατούμενη Ήπειρο (18201913), Athens.Google Scholar
Korhonen, K., and Forsén, B.. 2019. “New Inscriptions from Photike,” in Forsén 2019, pp. 223242.Google Scholar
Lamboley, J.-L., , Përzhita, L. and Skenderaj, A., eds. 2018. L’Illyrie méridionale et l’Épire dans l’Antiquité VI, Paris.Google Scholar
Lambrou, V. 2006. “Οικιστική οργάνωση του Θεσπρωτικού χώρου κατά τη Ρωμαιοκρατία,” EpChron 40, pp. 257275.Google Scholar
Lambrou, V., Palli, O. and Aidonis, A.. 2018. “Επώνυμοι και ανώνυμοι: έθιμα ταφής στη ρωμαϊκή Θεσπρωτία,” in What’s New in Roman Greece? Recent Work on the Greek Mainland and the Islands in the Roman Period (ΜΕΛΕΤΗΜΑΤΑ 80), ed. Di Napoli, V., Camia, F., Evengelidis, V., Grigoropoulos, D., Rogers, D. and Vlizos, S., Athens, pp. 505518.Google Scholar
Lang, F. 1994. “Veränderungen des Siedlungsbildes in Akarnanien von der klassisch-hellenistischen zur römischen Zeit,” Klio 76, pp. 239254.Google Scholar
Láng, O. T. 2007. “Did the Cosinii Build Macella? The Possible Builder of the macellum in Aquincum,” in Acta XII Congressus Internationalis Epigraphiae Graecae et Latinae, ed. Mayer y Olivé, M., Baratta, G. and Guzmán Almagro, A., Barcelona, pp. 817830.Google Scholar
Lange, C. H. 2009. Res publica constituta. Actium, Apollo and the Accomplishment of the Triumphal Assignment (Impact of Empire 10), Leiden and Boston.Google Scholar
Lazari, K. 2019. “Αρχαιότητες στο χώρο του νέου λιμένα Ηγουμενίτσας. Τα νέα στοιχεία για μια παλιά έρευνα,” in Chouliaras and Pliakou 2019, pp. 403419.Google Scholar
Lazari, K., Tzortzatou, A. and Kountouri, K.. 2008. Δυμόκαστρο Θεσπρωτίας. Αρχαιολογικός οδηγός, Athens.Google Scholar
Lepore, G., and Muka, B.. 2018. La necropoli meridionale di Phoinike. Le tombe ellenistiche e romane (Scavi di Phoinike. Serie monografica 3), Bologna.Google Scholar
Liampi, K. 2016. “Zur Münzzirkulation in Epirus (Ende 4. bis Ende 1. Jhs. v.Chr.). Das Zeugnis der Münzschatzfunde,” in Ηχάδιν: τιμητικός τόμος για τη Στέλλα Δρούγου Ι, ed. Giannopoulos, M. and Kallini, C., Athens, pp. 787812.Google Scholar
Liampi, K. 2019. “Two Numismatic Hoards from Elea: Before and After the Roman Invasion,” in Chouliaras and Pliakou 2019, pp. 311326.Google Scholar
Luik, M. 2002. Die Funde aus den römischen Lagern um Numantia im Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseum (Kataloge Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Altertümer 31), Mainz.Google Scholar
Merkelbach, R. 1991. “Epirotische Hilfstruppen im Krieg der Römer gegen Aristonikos,” ZPE 87, p. 132.Google Scholar
Meyer, E. A. 2013. The Inscriptions of Dodona and a New History of Molossia (Heidelberger Althistorische Beiträge und Epigraphische Studien 54), Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Mogetta, M. 2015. “A New Date for Concrete in Rome,” JRS 105, pp. 140.Google Scholar
Moore, M. G. 2000. “Surveying’ Epirote Pottery: Ceramics, Cuisine, and Social History in Southern Epirus, Greece, 300 B.C. –A.D. 500,” (diss. Boston University).Google Scholar
Moore Morison, M. 2006. “Romanization in Southern Epirus: A Ceramic Perspective,” in TRAC 2005: Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, ed. Croxford, B., Goodchild, H., Lucas, J. and Ray, N., Oxford, pp. 1224.Google Scholar
Musti, D. 1980. “Il commercio degli schiavi e del grano: il caso di Puteoli – sui rapporti tra l’economia italiana della tarda repubblica e le economie ellenistiche,” in The Seaborne Commerce of Ancient Rome: Studies in Archaeology and History (MAAR 36), ed. Arms, J. H. and Kopff, E. C., Rome, pp. 197215.Google Scholar
Palli, O. 2019. “Filling in the Gap: The Early Roman Cemetery in Mazarakia,” in Forsén 2019, pp. 177197.Google Scholar
Palli, O., and Lazari, K. 2018. “Recent Research in the villa rustica of Zavali, Ladochori, and the Roman Cemetery in Mazarakia,” in Lamboley, Përzhita, and Skenderaj 2018, pp. 781784.Google Scholar
Palli, O., Riginos, G. and Lambrou, V.. 2017. “Local Elites in West Roman Greece: The Evidence from Thesprotia and Preveza,” in Official Power and Local Elites in the Roman Provinces, ed. Varga, R. and Rusu-Bolindeţ, V., London and New York, pp. 121.Google Scholar
Papadopoulou, V. N. 2019. “Λαδοχώρι (Σύβοτα;). Ένας παλαιοχριστιανικός οικισμός στον μυχό του κόλπου της Ηγουμενίτσας,” in Chouliaras and Pliakou 2019, pp. 439456.Google Scholar
Papaevangelou-Genakos, G. 2013. “The Monetary Systems of Epirus,” in Numismatic History and Economy in Epirus during Antiquity (KERMA 3), ed. Liampi, K., Papaevangelou-Genakos, C., Zachos, K., Douzougli, A. and Iakovidou, A., Athens, pp. 131157.Google Scholar
Papageorgiadou-Banis, C. 1999. “La diffusion du monnayage romain dans l’Épire,” in L’Illyrie méridionale et l’Épire dans l’Antiquité III, ed. Cabanes, P., Paris, pp. 115118.Google Scholar
Peacock, D. 2013. “Segmented Mills in Classical Antiquity,” in Exempli Gratia: Sagalassos, Marc Waelkens and Interdisciplinary Archaeology, ed. Poblome, J., Leuven, pp. 153164.Google Scholar
Pflaum, H. G. 1960. Les carrières procuratoriennes équestres sous le Haut-Empire romain I, Paris.Google Scholar
Pliakou, G. 2011. “Searching for the Seat of Aeacids ‘Εἰώθεισαν οἱ βασιλεῖς ἐν Πασσαρῶνι, χωρίῳ τῆς Μολοττίδος’,” in Sulla rotta per la Sicilia: L’Epiro, Corcira e l’Occidente, ed. De Senso Sensito, G. and Intrieri, M., Firenze, pp. 89108.Google Scholar
Pliakou, G. 2013. “Το λεκανοπέδιο των Ιωαννίνων μετά τη ρωμαϊκή κατάκτηση. Οι μαρτυρίες των ανασκαφικών νομισματικών συνόλων,” in Νομισματική και οικονομική ιστορία στην Ήπειρο κατά την αρχαιότητα (KERMA III), Athens, pp. 449462.Google Scholar
Pliakou, G. 2017. “Μολύβδινα σταθμία από ελληνιστική αγροικία στην Επισκοπή Ιωαννίνων,” in Σπείρα. Επιστημονική συνάντηση προς τιμήν της Αγγέλικας Ντούζουγλη και του Κωνσταντίνου Ζάχου, Athens, pp. 295306.Google Scholar
Pliakou, G. 2019. “Η ελληνιστική κεραμική στη Θεσπρωτία. Επισκόπηση και προοπτικές της έρευνας,” in Chouliaras and Pliakou 2019, pp. 293309.Google Scholar
Pliakou, G., ed. 2015. The Fortified Settlement of Megalo Gardiki on Kastri Hill, Ioannina.Google Scholar
Preka-Alexandri, K. 2019. “Γίτανα,” in Chouliaras and Pliakou 2019, pp. 177191.Google Scholar
Preka-Alexandri, K., and Argyrou, S.. 2019. “Η εμπορική δραστηριότητα στα Γίτανα, όπως προκύπτει από τη μαρτυρία των εμπορικών αμφορέων,” in Chouliaras and Pliakou 2019, pp. 193204.Google Scholar
Reynolds, P., and Ikäheimo, J.. 2019. “Late Hellenistic and Roman Pottery from the Tower Deposits of Agios Donatos,” in Forsén 2019, pp. 317386.Google Scholar
Riginos, G. 2007. “Η Ρωμαιοκρατία στα δυτικά παράλια της Ηπείρου με βάση τα πρόσφατα αρχαιολογικά δεδομένα από τη Θεσπρωτία,” in Zachos 2007, pp. 163173.Google Scholar
Riginos, G. 2019. “Ταφικοί περίβολοι και συστάδα τάφων στην περιοχή του φράγματος Καλαμά. Τμήμα ενός ελληνιστικού νεκροταφείου σε έναν αρχαίο ποτάμιο δρόμο,” in Chouliaras and Pliakou 2019, pp. 221232.Google Scholar
Riginos, G., and Lazari, K.. 2007. Ελέα Θεσπρωτίας. Αρχαιολογικός οδηγός του χώρου και της ευρύτερης περιοχής, Athens.Google Scholar
Riginos, G., and Lazari, K.. 2012. “L’organisation architecturale et les activités commerciales des habitants,” in Tout vendre, tout acheter. Structures et équipments des marchés antiques (Ausonius Éditions. Scripta Antiqua 42), ed. Chankowski, V. and Karvonis, P., Paris, pp. 6171.Google Scholar
Riginos, G., and Lazari, K.. 2013. “Νομισματα από την Ελέα Θεσπρωτίας,” in Numismatic History and Economy in Epirus during Antiquity (KERMA III), ed. Liampi, K., Papaevangelou-Genakos, C., Zachos, K., Douzougli, A. and Iakovidou, A., Athens, pp. 373384.Google Scholar
Riginos, G. E., Lazari, K., Lambrou, V. and Tzortzatou, A.. 2018. “New Archaeological Data from the Main Classical – Hellenistic Fortified Settlements of Thesprotia after the Enhancement Works of the Last Decade,” in Lamboley, Përzhita and Skenderaj 2018, Paris, pp. 753763.Google Scholar
Rizakis, A. D. 1996. “Les colonies romaines des côtes occidentales grecques. Populations et territoires,” Dialogue d’Histoire Ancienne 22, pp. 255324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rizakis, A. D. 1997. “Roman Colonies in the Province of Achaia: Territories, Land and Population,” in The Early Roman Empire in the East (Oxbow Monographs 95), ed. Alcock, S. E., Oxford, pp. 1536.Google Scholar
Rizakis, A. D. 2015. “Expropriations et confiscations des terres dans le cadre de la colonisation romaine en Achaïe et en Macédoine,” in Expropriations et confiscations dans la Rome antique (MEFRA 127/2), ed. Bertrand, A., Rome, pp. 469485.Google Scholar
Romano, D. G. 2003. “City Planning, Centuriation, and Land Division in Roman Corinth: Colonia Laus Iulia Corinthiensis & Colonia Iulia Flavia Augusta Corinthiensis,” in Corinth XX. Corinth, The Centenary: 1896–1996, Princeton, NJ, pp. 279301.Google Scholar
Samsaris, D. K. 1994a. Η ρωμαϊκή αποικία της Φωτικής στη Θεσπρωτία της Ηπείρου, Ioannina.Google Scholar
Samsaris, D. K. 1994b. Η Άκτια Νικόπολη και η «χώρα» της (Νότια Ήπειρος – Ακαρνανία). Ιστορικογεωγραφική και επιγραφική συμβολή, Thessaloniki.Google Scholar
Sarikakis, T. C. 1965. “Συμβολή εις την ιστορίαν της Ηπείρου κατά τους ρωμαϊκούς χρόνους,” Ελληνικά 19, pp. 193215.Google Scholar
Sarikakis, T. C. 1975. “La création de la province procuratorienne de l’Épire,” Actes de la XIIe conférence internationale d´études classiques «Eirene», Cluj-Napoca 2–7 octobre 1972, Bucharest, pp. 449452.Google Scholar
Scheidel, W. 2011. “The Roman Slave Supply,” in The Cambridge World History of Slavery 1, ed. Bradley, K. and Cartledge, P., Cambridge, pp. 287310.Google Scholar
Schwandner, E.-L. 2001. “Kassope, the City in Whose Territory Nikopolis Was Founded,” in Isager 2001, pp. 109113.Google Scholar
Siani-Davies, M. 2001. Cicero’s Speech Pro Rabirio Postumo, Oxford.Google Scholar
Sironen, E. 2009. “Some Notes on Inscriptions of Roman Date from Thesprotia,” in Forsén 2009, pp. 185196.Google Scholar
Shpuza, S. 2006. “The Roman Colonies of South Illyria: A Review,” in New Directions in Albanian Archaeology: Studies Presented to Muzafer Korkuti, eds. Bejko, L. and Hodges, R., Tirana, pp. 164168.Google Scholar
Shpuza, S. 2016. La romanisation de l’Illyrie méridionale et de la Chaônie (Collection de l’École Française de Rome 513), Rome.Google Scholar
Solin, H. 2001. “Latin Cognomina in the Greek East,” in The Greek East in the Roman Context (PMFIA VII), ed. Salomies, O., Helsinki, pp. 189202.Google Scholar
Soueref, K. I. ed. 2016. Αρχαιολογία του λεκανοπεδίου Ιωαννίνων. Από τις απαρχές ώς την ύστερη αρχαιότητα, Ioannina.Google Scholar
Spanodimos, C. 2018. “The City Walls of Gitana. Function, Chronology and Historical Development,” in Lamboley, Përzhita and Skenderaj 2018, Paris, pp. 765779.Google Scholar
Strauch, D. 1996. Römische Politik und griechische Tradition. Die Umgestaltung Nordwest-Griechenlands unter römischer Herrschaft, PhD-diss, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg (Quellen und Forschungen zur antiken Welt 22), Munich.Google Scholar
Talvio, T. 2011. “The Coin Finds,” in Forsén and Tikkala 2011, pp. 313317.Google Scholar
Talvio, T. 2019. “Coins from Three Sites in the Kokytos Valley,” in Forsén, 2019, pp. 171176.Google Scholar
TIR 2016, Antoniadis, V., Tabula Imperii Romani. J 34 – Athens, Epirus, Athens.Google Scholar
Trianti, I., and Smiris, G.. 2018. ‘Άκτιο. Ο ρωμαϊκός ναός του Ακτίου Απόλλωνα’, in What’s New in Roman Greece? Recent Work on the Greek Mainland and the Islands in the Roman Period (ΜΕΛΕΤΗΜΑΤΑ 80), eds. Di Napoli, V., Camia, F., Evengelidis, V., Grigoropoulos, D., Rogers, D. and Vlizos, S., Athens, pp. 453466.Google Scholar
Viitanen, E.-M. 2019. “The Roman Villa and Late Medieval Burial Ground of Agios Donatos,” in Forsén, 2019, pp. 243274.Google Scholar
Vlachopoulou-Oikonomou, A. 1979. “Έντυπες σφραγίδες σε λαβές αμφορέων από το Νεκρομαντείο του Αχέροντα και τη Δωδώνη,” Dodoni 8, pp. 279298.Google Scholar
Völling, T. 1997. “Römische Militaria in Griechenland: ein Überblick,” Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies 8, pp. 91103.Google Scholar
Voulgaraki, A. 2018. Το Νεκρομαντείο του Αχέροντα (diss. University of the Aegean).Google Scholar
Wickham, J. P. 2014. The Enslavement of War Captives by the Romans to 146 BC (diss. Univ. of Liverpool).Google Scholar
Wodtke, P. 2018. Dies ist kein römisches Objekt: Ein archäologisch-semiotischer Zugang zur materiellen Kultur der römischen Provinz Epirus, Berlin.Google Scholar
Yiouni, P., Kappa, C. and Faklari, Y.. 2015. Kastritsa Ioanninon: A Brief Guide of the Archaeological Site, Ioannina.Google Scholar
Yiouni, P., Faklari, Y. and Kappa, C.. 2018. “New Evidence for the Urban Organization and the Fortification of the Citadel in Kastritsa in the Ioannina Basin,” in L’Illyrie méridionale et l’Épire dans l’Antiquité VI, ed. Lamboley, J.-L., Përzhita, L. and Skenderaj, A., Paris, pp. 705709.Google Scholar
Zachos, K. L., ed. 2007. Nicopolis II. Proceedings of the Second International Nicopolis Symposium (11–15 September 2002), Preveza.Google Scholar
Ziolkowski, A. 1986. “The Plundering of Epirus in 167 BC: Economic Considerations,” PBSR 54, pp. 6980.Google Scholar
Zoumbaki, S. 2011. “The Presence of Italiote Greeks and Romans in Aetolia, Acarnania and the Adjacent Islands from the 3rd c. BC to the Beginning of the Imperial Era,” in Sulla rotta per la Sicilia: L’Epiro, Corcira e l’Occidente, eds. De Sensi Sestito, G. and Intrieri, M., Pisa, pp. 523538.Google Scholar
Zoumbaki, S. 2013. “In Search of the Horn of Plenty: Roman Entrepreneurs in the Agricultural Economy of the Province of Achaia,” in Villae Rusticae. Family and Market-Oriented Farms in Greece under Roman Rule (ΜΕΛΕΤΗΜΑΤΑ 68), eds. Rizakis, A. D. and Touratsoglou, I. P., Athens, pp. 5273.Google Scholar
Zoumbaki, S. 2019. “«Ποιος σαλπάρει από ένα ιταλικό λιμάνι για να μιλήσει για χοίρους;»: Διασχίζοντας την Αδριατική προς αναζήτηση ευκαιριών στη Θεσπρωτία,” in Chouliaras and Pliakou 2019, pp. 373384.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×