Despite similarities between social researchers and consultants as knowledge workers, their work with data, focus on projects and intention to make a positive contribution, there are distinctions between the two ways of working that are potentially fruitful areas of study.

• • Social research places emphasis on the understanding, the development of insight or the creation of a conceptual understanding of what is being observed or presented. The focus is the codification or theoretical interpretation – the result of a capably applied programme of systematic investigation –which creates intellectual property and potentially learning to be shared. A consultant is more likely to focus on practice, that is the application of the theory or conceptual understanding – moving the fruits of research on to their application.

• • Social research usually places a high emphasis on process and provenance around data (be it qualitative or quantitative) as the foundation of understanding. The higher attention for consultants is typically devoted to ‘clients’, people affected by the application of research as the recommendation arising from studies are translated into actions. Usually consultants draw heavily on their personal knowledge or experience as it applies to a client situation, which often leads to intellectual property which is unique to a specific context. As such, much of consulting is to do with change and the implications of things being done differently to the way they have been done to date.

This final chapter summarises the main areas in which consulting practice might add to the repertoire of a social researcher. Below are the key points from the preceding chapters.

Key ingredients of consulting

• • Consulting typically involves independence of view, ‘advising’ (by a range of possible methods) and seeking to be valuable to a client.

• • There can be many stakeholders that should be considered in a consulting project. Within these are the ‘client system’, and within the client system is the ‘primary client’.

• • Consulting is about change and effective consulting is mindful of the possible impacts of the consulting intervention on the stakeholders – either during the project or with the implementation of the project's recommendations.

• • A consulting project has a defined scope – it has a planned beginning and end, agreed deliverables or outputs, and agreed resources devoted to it. The scope of the consulting project seeks to address an issue the client has identified.