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The Parenthesis and the Standard: On a Film by Morgan Fisher
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 January 2021
Summary
The Fact of Industry
In his 16mm film STANDARD GAUGE (USA: 1984), the American filmmaker Morgan Fisher presents, in a close-up long take of a light table, a series of frames from his collection of 35mm filmstrips. Throughout the course of his presentation, Fisher's voice-over narration frequently describes what connects him to each piece of film, while also providing fragments of a broader cultural history, tied to “the complex of economic activity that gives rise to an Industrial standard” such as the preferred gauge format of 35mm.
Near the end of the film, as he recounts his work as editor and actor on a lowbudget feature called MESSIAH OF EVIL (USA: Willard Huyck, 1974), he mentions that the printing lab was Technicolor. After noting that he rescued some films that the lab had been destroying (“with meat cleavers”), he makes the following commentary, which I quote in full:
At that time Technicolor was still doing imbibition printing. Imbibition, or IB, printing was the dye transfer process that was the foundation of the Technicolor system. By means of filters, Technicolor would make a separation matrix from the original color negative for each of three colors: yellow, cyan, and magenta. To make a print, each matrix was immersed in a bath of the corresponding dye, which it would soak up, that is to say, imbibe. Each of the matrices was applied in turn to the print stock, each in correct registration with the others. All the photographic materials used in IB printing were monochrome, and the dyes were stable and resistant to fading, so the matrices and prints had a high degree of permanence. This is the head or tail, I don't know which, of the imbibition matrix for the magenta record. This material is beautiful to handle. It's more substantial than ordinary film. It's still pliable and limber, but in a different way. When IB release prints were ordered in large quantities, they were cheaper than other processes, and Technicolor was able to make money on the volume. But in the early seventies Technicolor came to a critical moment. The manufacture of IB prints was labor-intensive, and labor costs were going up. At the some time, studios became less confident of the market for their product and so began to order prints in smaller quantities.
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- CinephiliaMovies, Love and Memory, pp. 197 - 210Publisher: Amsterdam University PressPrint publication year: 2005