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from Part I - The Council of Chalcedon and Its Reception
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 February 2022
Under the leadership of Timothy II Aelurus (bishop of Alexandria 457–477) the anti-Chalcedonian Church solidified communally, geographically, and theologically. The condemnation and exile of his predecessor, Dioscorus, spurred Timothy to successfully rally nearly all Egyptian bishops and priests against the Chalcedonian Definition and in favor of language pertaining to the double consubstantiality of Christ. That is, Christ was both same-in-substance with God and same-in-substance with human beings. However, the rise of Timothy’s anti-Chalcedonian Church in Egypt did not faze the emperors Marcian (r. 450–457) and Leo I (r. 457–474); their respective reigns saw no attempts to reconcile. It was Emperor Zeno (r. 474–491), with the support of Bishop Acacius of Constantinople, who intended to secure a reconciliation between the imperial Chalcedonian Church and the Egyptian anti-Chalcedonian Church.
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