10 - Rallying Towards the Nation: Theatre of Nation Building in Post-colonial Dhaka
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 December 2020
Summary
Abstract
This chapter examines the production and reproduction of Ramna and the surrounding area in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Created by the Mughals, Ramna was as an area of pleasure gardens situated outside the city. Throughout the colonial times (from the presence of the East India Company until the British Commonwealth), consecutive manipulations and (re)structuring of Ramna established it as a unique and layered space – a campus-like environment with new types of recreational facilities (for horse racing, polo, etc.) and various institutions (Curzon Hall, a college, a hospital, clubs, etc.) embedded in a unifying and picturesque park. Simultaneously, this constructed ‘natural’ environment became the centre of the metropolitan city that, paradoxically, is also the threshold between the traditional, indigenous, and contemporary post-colonial parts of the city. As the centre of the city and comprised of public buildings and functions, Ramna is positioned between the park and the city, nature and culture. Following independence, the area has become the nation's pre-eminent representative landscape, where competing centres of power are juxtaposed within a space of a few square kilometres. Using ethnographic and historical morphotypological data and mappings of different trajectories through time, this chapter aims to understand the intertwined histories of the continuous production and reproduction of the Ramna area, its role in the construction of the nation, and (re)affirmation of Bengali cultural identity.
Can the city centre be empty space?
Looking down from above in an effort to reveal a ‘hitherto unexplored plain’, the Ramna area stands out in a vast, growing grey surface as a green oasis at the heart of the capital city. While Dhaka has been growing as a capital for about 400 years, Ramna – the geographic centre of the city and in-between the old indigenous city and the dramatic post-colonial extensions – remains, in many ways, empty. In a context where the metropolis’s green areas are evaporating, Ramna remains a remarkably vast, ‘natural’ open space (see Figure 10.1). Interestingly, Dhaka does not have majestic geographic conditions like Cape Town or Rio de Janeiro that leave the city centre empty and guide the path of urbanization. (Re)reading Ramna reveals that the area is a park or a forest due to its high density of trees, and it forms a unique characteristic in the city centre; it is in sharp contrast to Dhaka's extremely dense urban morphology.
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- Asian CitiesColonial to Global, pp. 217 - 240Publisher: Amsterdam University PressPrint publication year: 2015