This chapter discusses a number of specific therapeutic modalities aimed at the management of defined causes of male infertility. Androgen replacement therapy is gaining significant attention as a possible treatment for ailments ranging from lack of libido to increased body fat to depression and decreased mental acuity. Hyperprolactinemia is a cause of male infertility that is often amenable to non-surgical therapy. Elevated levels of prolactin may impair male fertility based on multiple pathways. A particularly interesting application of pharmacotherapy in the management of male infertility is the use of clomiphene citrate before testis biopsy in the management of azoospermic men suffering from primary testicular failure. Substances, including antiestrogen agents, aromatase inhibitors, gonadotropins, L-carnitine, antioxidants, and a variety of other compounds have been employed for years with little conclusive evidence that they consistently improve either semen quality or pregnancy rates.