Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- 1 Scale Analyses for Land-Surface Hydrology
- 2 Hillslopes, Channels, and Landscape Scale
- 3 Scaling in River Networks
- 4 Spatial Variability and Scale Invariance in Hydrologic Regionalization
- 5 An Emerging Technology for Scaling Field Soil-Water Behavior
- 6 Scaling Invariance and the Richards Equation
- 7 Scaling of the Richards Equation and Its Application to Watershed Modeling
- 8 Scale Issues of Heterogeneity in Vadose-Zone Hydrology
- 9 Stochastic Modeling of Scale-dependent Macrodispersion in the Vadose Zone
- 10 Dilution of Nonreactive Solutes in Heterogeneous Porous Media
- 11 Analysis of Scale Effects in Large-Scale Solute-Transport Models
- 12 Scale Effects in Fluid Flow through Fractured Geologic Media
- 13 Correlation, Flow, and Transport in Multiscale Permeability Fields
- 14 Conditional Simulation of Geologic Media with Evolving Scales of Heterogeneity
- Index
Preface
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 January 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- 1 Scale Analyses for Land-Surface Hydrology
- 2 Hillslopes, Channels, and Landscape Scale
- 3 Scaling in River Networks
- 4 Spatial Variability and Scale Invariance in Hydrologic Regionalization
- 5 An Emerging Technology for Scaling Field Soil-Water Behavior
- 6 Scaling Invariance and the Richards Equation
- 7 Scaling of the Richards Equation and Its Application to Watershed Modeling
- 8 Scale Issues of Heterogeneity in Vadose-Zone Hydrology
- 9 Stochastic Modeling of Scale-dependent Macrodispersion in the Vadose Zone
- 10 Dilution of Nonreactive Solutes in Heterogeneous Porous Media
- 11 Analysis of Scale Effects in Large-Scale Solute-Transport Models
- 12 Scale Effects in Fluid Flow through Fractured Geologic Media
- 13 Correlation, Flow, and Transport in Multiscale Permeability Fields
- 14 Conditional Simulation of Geologic Media with Evolving Scales of Heterogeneity
- Index
Summary
The reverse side also has a reverse side.
—sign on Telegraph Avenue (6.9.96)In his Josiah Willard Gibbs Lecture some years ago, the gifted theoretical physicist Elliott Montroll recounted a statistical analysis of the prices of merchandise offered in the Sears annual catalog during the first 85 years of the twentieth century. That catalog, which Montroll termed “a magnificent database of Americana,” was pre-pared carefully to feature items that reflected current public taste at prices that were appropriate for competitive merchandising of the time. The price of an item that was sold by Sears over many years would, of course, be expected to change in the catalog as the cost of living changed, or as technology related to the manufacture of the item improved. Some catalog items (e.g., the buggy whips sold in the 1910 catalog) would disappear altogether and be replaced as new technologies made them obsolete.
Despite the many vicissitudes of American life and of company operation, Montroll found that the frequency distribution of the prices in any one of the Sears catalogs published since 1900 closely approximated a lognormal distribution. More remarkably, the single-catalog standard deviation of the logarithm of price remained essentially constant over the 85-year period, although the single-catalog mean of the logarithm of price generally increased annually, reflecting an increasing cost of living.
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- Information
- Scale Dependence and Scale Invariance in Hydrology , pp. xi - xivPublisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1998