Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Figures and Tables
- Notes on Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction: Towards Freedom, Empowerment, and Agency: An Introduction to Queering Criminology in Theory and Praxis: Reimagining Justice in the Criminal Legal System and Beyond
- 1 Gender-and Sexuality-Based Violence among LGBTQ People: An Empirical Test of Norm-Centered Stigma Theory
- 2 Queer Pathways
- 3 Queer Criminology and the Destabilization of Child Sexual Abuse
- 4 Queer(y)ing the Experiences of LGBTQ Workers in Criminal Processing Systems
- 5 ‘PREA Is a Joke’: A Case Study of How Trans PREA Standards Are(n’t) Enforced
- 6 Queerly Navigating the System: Trans* Experiences Under State Surveillance
- 7 Sex-Gender Defining Laws, Birth Certificates, and Identity
- 8 Effects of Intimate Partner Violence in the LGBTQ Community: A Systematic Review
- 9 Health Covariates of Intimate Partner Violence in a National Transgender Sample
- 10 Serving Transgender, Gender Nonconforming, and Intersex Youth in Alameda County’s Juvenile Hall
- 11 Liberating Black Youth across the Gender Spectrum Through the Deconstruction of the White Femininity/Black Masculinity Duality
- 12 ‘I Thought They Were Supposed to Be on My Side’: What Jane Doe’s Experience Teaches Us about Institutional Harm against Trans Youth
- 13 The Role of Adolescent Friendship Networks in Queer Youth’s Delinquency
- 14 ‘At the Very Least’: Politics and Praxis of Bail Fund Organizers and the Potential for Queer Liberation
- 15 A Conspiracy
- 16 LGBTQ+ Homelessness: Resource Obtainment and Issues with Shelters
- 17 The Color of Queer Theory in Social Work and Criminology Practice: A World without Empathy
- 18 Camouflaged: Tackling the Invisibility of LGBTQ+ Veterans When Accessing Care
- 19 Barriers to Reporting, Barriers to Services: Challenges for Transgender Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Victimization
- Conclusion: What Does It Mean to Do Justice? Current and Future Directions in Queer Criminological Research and Practice
- Index
1 - Gender-and Sexuality-Based Violence among LGBTQ People: An Empirical Test of Norm-Centered Stigma Theory
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 September 2022
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Figures and Tables
- Notes on Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction: Towards Freedom, Empowerment, and Agency: An Introduction to Queering Criminology in Theory and Praxis: Reimagining Justice in the Criminal Legal System and Beyond
- 1 Gender-and Sexuality-Based Violence among LGBTQ People: An Empirical Test of Norm-Centered Stigma Theory
- 2 Queer Pathways
- 3 Queer Criminology and the Destabilization of Child Sexual Abuse
- 4 Queer(y)ing the Experiences of LGBTQ Workers in Criminal Processing Systems
- 5 ‘PREA Is a Joke’: A Case Study of How Trans PREA Standards Are(n’t) Enforced
- 6 Queerly Navigating the System: Trans* Experiences Under State Surveillance
- 7 Sex-Gender Defining Laws, Birth Certificates, and Identity
- 8 Effects of Intimate Partner Violence in the LGBTQ Community: A Systematic Review
- 9 Health Covariates of Intimate Partner Violence in a National Transgender Sample
- 10 Serving Transgender, Gender Nonconforming, and Intersex Youth in Alameda County’s Juvenile Hall
- 11 Liberating Black Youth across the Gender Spectrum Through the Deconstruction of the White Femininity/Black Masculinity Duality
- 12 ‘I Thought They Were Supposed to Be on My Side’: What Jane Doe’s Experience Teaches Us about Institutional Harm against Trans Youth
- 13 The Role of Adolescent Friendship Networks in Queer Youth’s Delinquency
- 14 ‘At the Very Least’: Politics and Praxis of Bail Fund Organizers and the Potential for Queer Liberation
- 15 A Conspiracy
- 16 LGBTQ+ Homelessness: Resource Obtainment and Issues with Shelters
- 17 The Color of Queer Theory in Social Work and Criminology Practice: A World without Empathy
- 18 Camouflaged: Tackling the Invisibility of LGBTQ+ Veterans When Accessing Care
- 19 Barriers to Reporting, Barriers to Services: Challenges for Transgender Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Victimization
- Conclusion: What Does It Mean to Do Justice? Current and Future Directions in Queer Criminological Research and Practice
- Index
Summary
LGBTQ people are at higher risk for violence compared with their heterosexual-cisgender counterparts (Katz-Wise & Hyde, 2012; Meyer, 2015), yet few studies consider the unique and overlapping experiences of lesbian women, gay men, bisexual men, bisexual women, trans men, trans women, queer women, and queer men. In particular, the separate but interrelated experiences of LGBTQ people and their intersectional identities of gender and sexuality are critical to examine as they relate to their victimization. Using nationally representative data collected from online LGBTQ panelists (N = 1,604), this chapter provides an intersectional investigation of norm-centered stigma theory (NCST) (Worthen, 2020) with hetero-cis-normativity (a system of norms, privilege, and oppression that situates heterosexual cisgender people above all others) as the centralized overarching concept that helps us to understand gender-and sexuality-based violence among LGBTQ people. Specifically, social power axes including gender identity (cisgender woman, cisgender man, transgender woman, and transgender man), sexual identity (lesbian, gay, bisexual), and queer identity (based on self-identification as queer), and interactions among these axes of social power, are investigated as they moderate the relationships between violations of hetero-cis-normativity (LGBTQ identity) and stigmatizing experiences associated with such norm violations (gender-and sexualitybased violence) in order to best understand LGBTQ negativity.
Hetero-cis-normativity and LGBTQ negativity
Because trans people violate the presumption of cisnormativity and LGBQ people violate the ‘heterosexual assumption’ (Herek, 2007, p. 907), overall, LGBTQ people can be at greater risk for gender-and sexuality-based negativity when compared with cisnormative and heterosexual people (Meyer, 2003; Schilt & Westbrook, 2009; Coulter et al., 2018; Worthen, 2020). Specifically, scholars have argued that violence among LGBTQ people is connected to negativities associated with their violations of hetero-cis-normativity (Schilt & Westbrook, 2009; Ball, 2013; Meyer, 2015; Javaid, 2018; Worthen, 2020). In particular, due to their non-hetero-cis-normative identities, LGBTQ people can be targeted, though in differing ways based on gender and sexuality (to be discussed later). Overall, LGBTQ attacks are often motivated by the desire to reinforce culturally ‘appropriate’ norms regarding gender and sexual identity through punishing those who violate hetero-cis-normativity (Franklin, 1998; Schilt & Westbrook, 2009; Meyer, 2015; Worthen, 2020).
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- Queering Criminology in Theory and PraxisReimagining Justice in the Criminal Legal System and Beyond, pp. 13 - 31Publisher: Bristol University PressPrint publication year: 2022
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