Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- 1 Histiocytic disorders of children and adults: introduction to the problem, overview, historical perspective and epidemiology
- 2 The diagnostic histopathology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- 3 Histiocyte function and development in the normal immune system
- 4 The immunological basis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- 5 The genetics of Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- 6 Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a clinical update
- 7 Histiocytosis of the skin in children and adults
- 8 Langerhans cell histiocytosis of bone
- 9 Special aspects of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the adult
- 10 Adult lung histiocytosis
- 11 Central nervous system disease in Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- 12 The treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- 13 Treatment of relapsed and/or refractory Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- 14 Late effects of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and its association with malignancy
- 15 Uncommon histiocytic disorder: the non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses
- 16 The histopathology of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
- 17 Genetics and pathogenesis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
- 18 Clinical aspects and therapy of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
- 19 Secondary haemophagocytic syndromes associated with rheumatic diseases
- 20 Malignancies of the monocyte/macrophage system
- 21 Psychosocial aspects of the histiocytic disorders: staying on course under challenging clinical circumstances
- Index
- Plate section
20 - Malignancies of the monocyte/macrophage system
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 August 2009
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- 1 Histiocytic disorders of children and adults: introduction to the problem, overview, historical perspective and epidemiology
- 2 The diagnostic histopathology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- 3 Histiocyte function and development in the normal immune system
- 4 The immunological basis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- 5 The genetics of Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- 6 Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a clinical update
- 7 Histiocytosis of the skin in children and adults
- 8 Langerhans cell histiocytosis of bone
- 9 Special aspects of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the adult
- 10 Adult lung histiocytosis
- 11 Central nervous system disease in Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- 12 The treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- 13 Treatment of relapsed and/or refractory Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- 14 Late effects of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and its association with malignancy
- 15 Uncommon histiocytic disorder: the non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses
- 16 The histopathology of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
- 17 Genetics and pathogenesis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
- 18 Clinical aspects and therapy of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
- 19 Secondary haemophagocytic syndromes associated with rheumatic diseases
- 20 Malignancies of the monocyte/macrophage system
- 21 Psychosocial aspects of the histiocytic disorders: staying on course under challenging clinical circumstances
- Index
- Plate section
Summary
Introduction
Historically, there has been much confusion regarding the spectrum and classification of malignancies of the monocyte/macrophage system, largely as original classifications were based on morphological appearance alone or with histochemical stains. This approach resulted in misinterpretation of cell lineage in a substantial proportion of cases, especially amongst the lymphomas. More recently, the widespread availability of immunohistochemistry plus cytogenetics to inform and support diagnosis, has established cell lineage in the majority of cases and allowed greater accuracy in classification of these tumours. Based on current knowledge, an appropriate classification is to divide these malignancies between tumours of dendritic cells (follicular dendritic cell (FDC) and interdigitating reticulum cell sarcomas) and tumours of monocyte/macrophage lineage (acute myelomonocytic leukaemia, acute monocytic leukaemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) and juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML)).
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with involvement of the monocyte lineage has been well defined for many years and classified as AML M4 (myelomonocytic) and M5 (monocytic) under the French–American–British (FAB) system. Originally identified by morphological criteria and cytochemistry, these entities have become better defined by immunophenotyping and the identification of associated cytogenetic changes (see below). Localized tumour masses comprised of these cells are well recognized, and may occur with or without clinically apparent bone marrow disease. In apparently isolated tumour masses, eventual detection of bone marrow involvement is usual in patients who have not received comprehensive systemic therapy.
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- Chapter
- Information
- Histiocytic Disorders of Children and AdultsBasic Science, Clinical Features and Therapy, pp. 396 - 407Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2005