Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T17:54:10.124Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 73 - Resuscitation and Immediate Care of the Newborn (Content last reviewed: 20th February 2020)

from Section 7 - Postnatal Problems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 November 2017

David James
Affiliation:
University of Nottingham
Philip Steer
Affiliation:
Imperial College London
Carl Weiner
Affiliation:
University of Kansas
Bernard Gonik
Affiliation:
Wayne State University, Detroit
Stephen Robson
Affiliation:
University of Newcastle
Get access

Summary

Newborn babies rarely require resuscitation. Of those who need assistance following birth, most require only simple measures to achieve the cardiopulmonary transition from fetal to neonatal life. However, some babies need urgent attention at delivery, and in such cases prompt resuscitation, even of those babies without apparent signs of life at birth, will result in a significant number of healthy survivors without disability.

Type
Chapter
Information
High-Risk Pregnancy
Management Options
, pp. 2067 - 2086
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
First published in: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Casalaz, DM, Marlow, N, Speidel, BD. Outcome of resuscitation following unexpected apparent stillbirth. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1998; 78: F112–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palme-Kilander, C. Methods of resuscitation in low-Apgar-score newborn infants–a national survey. Acta Paediatr 1992; 81: 739–44.Google Scholar
Kroll, L, Twohey, L, Daubeney, PE, Lynch, D, Ducker, DA. Risk factors at delivery and the need for skilled resuscitation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1994; 55: 175–7.Google Scholar
Figueras, F, Gardosi, J. Intrauterine growth restriction: new concepts in antenatal surveillance, diagnosis, and management. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 204: 288300.Google Scholar
Bhatt, S, Alison, BJ, Wallace, EM, et al. Delaying cord clamping until ventilation onset improves cardiovascular function at birth in preterm lambs. J Physiol 2013; 591: 2113–26.Google Scholar
Fogarty, M, Osborn, DA, Askie, L, et al. Delayed vs. early umbilical cord clamping for preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218: 118. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.10.231.Google Scholar
McDonald, SJ, Middleton, P, Dowswell, T, Morris, PS. Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; (7): CD004074.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Guideline: Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping for Improved Maternal and Infant Health and Nutrition Outcomes. Geneva: WHO, 2014. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/148793/1/9789241508209_eng.pdf (accessed March 2017).Google Scholar
Wyllie, J, Ainsworth, S. What is new in the European and UK neonatal resuscitation guidance? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2016; 101: F469–73. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-309472.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Intrapartum Care for Healthy Women and Babies. NICE Clinical Guideline CG190. London: NICE, 2014. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG190 (accessed March 2017).Google Scholar
Costeloe, K, Hennessy, E, Gibson, AT, Marlow, N, Wilkinson, AR. The EPICure study: outcomes to discharge from hospital for infants born at the threshold of viability. Pediatrics 2000; 106: 659–71.Google Scholar
Moore, ER, Bergman, N, Anderson, GC, Medley, N. Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; (11): CD003519.Google Scholar
Johanson, RB, Spencer, SA, Rolfe, P, Jones, P, Malla, DS. Effect of post-delivery care on neonatal body temperature. Acta Paediatr 1992; 81: 859–63.Google Scholar
Vain, NE, Satragno, DS, Gorenstein, AN, et al. Effect of gravity on volume of placental transfusion: a multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2014; 384: 235–40.Google Scholar
Woolridge, MW, Greasley, V, Silpisornkosol, S. The initiation of lactation: the effect of early versus delayed contact for suckling on milk intake in the first week post-partum. A study in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand. Early Hum Dev 1985; 12: 269–78.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services. WHO, 2018. www.who.int/elena/titles/full_recommendations/breastfeeding-support/en (accessed January 2019).Google Scholar
NHS. NHS newborn and infant physical examination (NIPE) screening programme. https://www.gov.uk/topic/population-screening-programmes/newborn-infant-physical-examination (accessed March 2017).Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Postnatal Care up to 8 Weeks after Birth. NICE Clinical Guideline CG37. London: NICE, 2006. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg37 (accessed March 2017).Google Scholar
Puckett, RM, Offringa, M. Prophylactic vitamin K for vitamin K deficiency bleeding in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; (4): CD002776.Google Scholar
Resuscitation Council (UK). Resuscitation and support of transition of babies at birth. London: Resuscitation Council, 2015. https://www.resus.org.uk/resuscitation-guidelines/resuscitation-and-support-of-transition-of-babies-at-birth/ (accessed March 2017).Google Scholar
Owen, CJ, Wyllie, JP. Determination of heart rate in the baby at birth. Resuscitation 2004; 60: 213–17.Google Scholar
Dawson, JA, Kamlin, CO, Vento, M, et al. Defining the reference range for oxygen saturation for infants after birth. Pediatrics 2010; 125: e1340–7.Google Scholar
Marlow, N. Do we need an Apgar score? Arch Dis Child 1992; 67: 765–7.Google Scholar
Casey, BM, McIntire, DD, Leveno, KJ,. The continuing value of the Apgar score for the assessment of newborn infants. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 467–71.Google Scholar
Lie, KK, Groholt, EK, Eskild, A. Association of cerebral palsy with Apgar score in low and normal birthweight infants: population based cohort study. BMJ 2010; 341: c4990.Google Scholar
Persson, M, Razaz, N, Tedroff, K, Joseph, KS, Cnattingius, S. Five and 10 minute Apgar scores and risks of cerebral palsy and epilepsy: population based cohort study in Sweden. BMJ 2018; 360: k207. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k207.Google Scholar
Harrington, DJ, Redman, CW, Moulden, M, Greenwood, CE. The long-term outcome in surviving infants with Apgar zero at 10 minutes: a systematic review of the literature and hospital-based cohort. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196: 463.e1–5.Google Scholar
Natarajan, G, Shankaran, S, Laptook, AR, Pappas, A. Apgar scores at 10 min and outcomes at 6-7 years following hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2013; 98: F473–9. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-303692.Google Scholar
Malin, GL, Morris, RK, Khan, KS. Strength of association between umbilical cord pH and perinatal and long term outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2010; 340: c1471.Google Scholar
Piquard, F, Schaefer, A, Dellenbach, P, Haberey, P. Is fetal acidosis in the human fetus maternogenic during labor? A reanalysis. Am J Physiol 1991; 261: R1294–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Tuuli, MG, Stout, MJ, Shanks, A, et al. Umbilical cord arterial lactate compared with pH for predicting neonatal morbidity at term. Obstet Gynecol 2014; 124: 756–61.Google Scholar
Wiberg, N, Källén, K, Herbst, A, Olofsson, P. Relation between umbilical cord blood pH, base deficit, lactate, 5-minute Apgar score and development of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2010; 89: 1263–9.Google Scholar
MacLennan, A. A template for defining a causal relationship between acute intrapartum events and cerebral palsy: international consensus statement. International Cerebral Palsy Task Force. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2000; 40: 1321.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Therapeutic hypothermia with intracorporeal temperature monitoring for hypoxic perinatal brain injury. Interventional procedures guidance IPG347. London: NICE, 2010. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ipg347 (accessed March 2017).Google Scholar
Thoresen, M. Who should we cool after perinatal asphyxia? Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 20: 6671.Google Scholar
Vento, M, Asensi, M, Sastre, J, et al. Resuscitation with room air instead of 100% oxygen prevents oxidative stress in moderately asphyxiated term neonates. Pediatrics 2001; 107: 642–7.Google Scholar
Lundstrom, KE, Pryds, O, Greisen, G. Oxygen at birth and prolonged cerebral vasoconstriction in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1995; 73: F81–6.Google Scholar
Kattwinkel, J, Perlman, JM, Aziz, K, et al. Part 15: neonatal resuscitation: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2010; 122 (18 Suppl 3): S909–19.Google Scholar
Resuscitation Council (UK). Newborn Life Support: Resuscitation at Birth, 4th edn. London: Resuscitation Council, 2016.Google Scholar
Deckardt, R, Schneider, KT, Graeff, H. Monitoring arterial oxygen saturation in the neonate. J Perinat Med 1987; 15: 357–60.Google Scholar
Kopotic, RJ, Lindner, W. Assessing high-risk infants in the delivery room with pulse oximetry. Anesth Analg 2002; 94 (1 Suppl): S31–6.Google Scholar
O’Donnell, CP, Kamlin, CO, Davis, PG, Morley, CJ. Feasibility of and delay in obtaining pulse oximetry during neonatal resuscitation. J Pediatr 2005; 147: 698–9.Google Scholar
Barber, CA Wyckoff, MH. Use and efficacy of endotracheal versus intravenous epinephrine during neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the delivery room. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 1028–34.Google Scholar
Beveridge, CJ, Wilkinson, AR. Sodium bicarbonate infusion during resuscitation of infants at birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006 (1): CD004864.Google Scholar
International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. 2005 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Part 7: Neonatal resuscitation. Resuscitation 2005; 67: 293303.Google Scholar
Temesvári, P, Karg, E, Bódi, I, et al. Impaired early neurologic outcome in newborn piglets reoxygenated with 100% oxygen compared with room air after pneumothorax-induced asphyxia. Pediatr Res 2001; 49: 812–19.Google Scholar
Saugstad, OD, Ramji, S, Soll, RF, Vento, M. Resuscitation of newborn infants with 21% or 100% oxygen: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Neonatology 2008; 94: 176–82.Google Scholar
Tan, A, Schulze, A, O’Donnell, CP, Davis, PG. Air versus oxygen for resuscitation of infants at birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; (2): CD002273.Google Scholar
Vain, NE, Szyld, EG, Prudent, LM, et al. Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal suctioning of meconium-stained neonates before delivery of their shoulders: multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004; 364: 597602.Google Scholar
Laptook, AR, Salhab, W, Bhaskar, B; Neonatal Research Network. Admission temperature of low birth weight infants: predictors and associated morbidities. Pediatrics 2007; 119: e643–9.Google Scholar
Sweet, DG, Carnielli, V, Greisen, G, et al.; European Association of Perinatal Medicine. European consensus guidelines on the management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants: 2013 update. Neonatology 2013; 103: 353–68.Google Scholar
McCall, EM, Alderdice, F, Halliday, HL, Jenkins, JG, Vohra, S. Interventions to prevent hypothermia at birth in preterm and/or low birthweight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; (3): CD004210.Google Scholar
Rojas-Reyes, MX, Morley, CJ, Soll, R. Prophylactic versus selective use of surfactant in preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; (3): CD000510.Google Scholar
Lista, G, Castoldi, F, Cavigioli, F, Bianchi, S, Fontana, P. Alveolar recruitment in the delivery room. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 25 (Suppl 1): 3940.Google Scholar
Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Guidelines on intensive care for extremely premature babies. http://nuffieldbioethics.org/report/neonatal-medicine-2/guidelines-intensive-care-extremely-premature-babies (accessed March 2017).Google Scholar
Jain, L, Ferre, C, Vidyasagar, D, Nath, S, Sheftel, D. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of apparently stillborn infants: survival and long-term outcome. J Pediatr 1991; 118: 778–82.Google Scholar
Ewer, AK, Furmston, AT, Middleton, LJ, et al. Pulse oximetry as a screening test for congenital heart defects in newborn infants: a test accuracy study with evaluation of acceptability and cost-effectiveness. Health Technol Assess 2012; 16: vxiii, 1184. doi: 10.3310/hta16020.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×