Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T15:07:22.877Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 8 - Anesthesia Techniques: Mild, Moderate, and Deep Sedation in Clinical Practice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 May 2023

By
Mark R. Jones ,
Boris C. Anyama ,
Chikezie N. Okeagu ,
Meredith K. Shaw ,
Madelyn K. Craig  and
Alan David Kaye
Edited by
Alan David Kaye  and
Richard D. Urman
Alan David Kaye
Affiliation:
Louisiana State University School of Medicine
Richard D. Urman
Affiliation:
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston
Get access

Summary

Selection of the anesthetic technique to be employed during a procedure begins during the preoperative evaluation with consideration of factors such as the patient’s comorbidities and preferences and the type of procedure to be performed. Oftentimes, general anesthesia is not necessary and the procedure can be performed under a lesser depth of sedation. Procedural sedation is a technique that allows the patient to tolerate the discomfort of a procedure while still maintaining cardiorespiratory function. In order to accomplish this, the anesthesia provider administers sedative, dissociative, and/or analgesic agents alone or in combination [1].

Type
Chapter
Information
Cambridge Handbook of Anesthesiology , pp. 119 - 130
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Whitlock, EL, Pardo, MC Jr. Choice of Anesthetic Technique, 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018.Google Scholar
American Society of Anesthesiologists. Continuum of depth of sedation: definition of general anesthesia and levels of sedation/analgesia. 2019. Available from: www.asahq.org/standards-and-guidelines/continuum-of-depth-of-sedation-definition-of-general-anesthesia-and-levels-of-sedationanalgesia.Google Scholar
American Society of Anesthesiologists. Statement on the anesthesia care team. 2019. Available from: www.asahq.org/-/media/sites/asahq/files/public/resources/standards-guidelines/statement-on-the-anesthesia-care-team.pdf?la=en&hash=9674E540AB92E575C1FD8AB9B48159F7656B9AEB.Google Scholar
Abenstein, JP, Warner, MA. Anesthesia providers, patient outcomes, and costs. Anesth Analg. 1996;82(6):1273–83.Google Scholar
Jones, TS, Fitzpatrick, JJ. CRNA – physician collaboration in anesthesia. AANA J. 2009;77(6):431–6.Google ScholarPubMed
American Society of Anesthesiologists. Statement on the anesthesia care team. 2019. Available from: www.asahq.org/standards-and-guidelines/statement-on-the-anesthesia-care-team.Google Scholar
Sun, EC, Miller, TR, Moshfegh, J, Baker, LC. Anesthesia care team composition and surgical outcomes. Anesthesiology. 2018;129(4):700–9. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Committee on Standards and Practice Parameters; Apfelbaum, JL, Connis, RT, Nickinovich, DG, American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preanesthesia Evaluation; Pasternak, LR, Arens, JF, Caplan, RA, et al. Practice advisory for preanesthesia evaluation. Anesthesiology. 2012;116(3):522–38. DOI: 10.1097/aln.0b013e31823c1067.Google Scholar
Okocha, O, Gerlach, RM, Sweitzer, BJ. Preoperative evaluation for ambulatory anesthesia: what, when, and how? Anesthesiol Clin. 2019;37(2):195–213. DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2019.01.014.Google Scholar
Bierle, DM, Raslau, D, Regan, DW, Sundsted, KK, Mauck, KF. Preoperative evaluation before noncardiac surgery. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020;95(4):807–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.04.029.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Society of Anesthesiologists. ASA physical status classification system. 2020. Available from: www.asahq.org/standards-and-guidelines/asa-physical-status-classification-system.Google Scholar
[No authors listed]. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures. Anesthesiology. 2017;126(3):376–93. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001452.Google Scholar
American Society of Anesthesiologists. Standards for basic anesthetic monitoring. 2020. Available from: www.asahq.org/standards-and-guidelines/standards-for-basic-anesthetic-monitoring.Google Scholar
Manohar, M, Gupta, B, Gupta, L. Closed-loop monitoring by anesthesiologists: a comprehensive approach to patient monitoring during anesthesia. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2018;71(5):417–18. DOI: 10.4097/kja.d.18.00033.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Checketts, MR, Alladi, R, Ferguson, K, et al. Recommendations for standards of monitoring during anaesthesia and recovery 2015: Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Anaesthesia. 2016;71(1):85–93. DOI: 10.1111/anae.13316.Google Scholar
Association of Anaesthetists. Checking anaesthetic equipment. 2012. Available from: https://anaesthetists.org/Home/Resources-publications/Guidelines/Checking-Anaesthetic-Equipment.Google Scholar
Sessler, DI. Temperature monitoring and perioperative thermoregulation. Anesthesiology. 2008;109(2):318–38. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31817f6d76.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×