Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T04:02:31.388Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Section IX - Hormones and the Environment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 November 2021

Edited by
Roy Homburg ,
Adam H. Balen  and
Robert F. Casper
Roy Homburg
Affiliation:
Homerton University Hospital, London
Adam H. Balen
Affiliation:
Leeds Centre for Reproductive Medicine
Robert F. Casper
Affiliation:
Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
50 Big Debates in Reproductive Medicine , pp. 235 - 270
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Sharpe, A, Morley, LC, Tang, T, Norman, RJ, Balen, AH. Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;12:CD013505.Google ScholarPubMed
Wang, R, Li, W, Bordewijk, EM, et al. Reproductive Medicine Network; International Ovulation Induction IPDMA Collaboration. First-line ovulation induction for polycystic ovary syndrome: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2019;25(6):717–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, C, Feng, G, Huang, W, et al. Comparison of clomiphene citrate and letrozole for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective randomized trial. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2017;33(11):872–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rezk, M, Shaheen, AE, Saif El-Nasr, I. Clomiphene citrate combined with metformin versus letrozole for induction of ovulation in clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Gynecol. Endocrinol. 2018;34(4):298–300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palomba, S, Falbo, A, La Sala, GB. Metformin and gonadotropins for ovulation induction in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2014;12:3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Penzias, A, Bendikson, K, Butts, S, et al. Role of metformin for ovulation induction in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a guideline. Fertil Steril. 2017;108(3):426–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, T, Lord, JM, Norman, RJ, Yasmin, E, Balen, AH. Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Legro, RS, Barnhart, HX, Schlaff, WD, et al. Clomiphene, metformin, or both for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(6):551–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siebert, TI, Viola, MI, Steyn, DW, Kruger, TF. Is metformin indicated as primary ovulation induction agent in women with PCOS? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2012;73(4):304–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Legro, RS, Brzyski, RG, Diamond, MP, et al. Letrozole versus clomiphene for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(2):119–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Teede, HJ, Misso, ML, Costello, MF, et al. International PCOS Network Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome Hum Reprod. 2018;33(9):1602–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gjönnaess, H. Polycystic ovarian syndrome treated by ovarian electrocautery through the laparoscope. Fertil Steril. 1984;41:20–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farquhar, C, Brown, J, Marjoribanks, J. Laparoscopic drilling by diathermy or laser for ovulation induction in anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;23:CD001122.Google Scholar
Bordewijk, EM, Ng, KYB, Rakic, L, et al. Laparoscopic ovarian drilling for ovulation induction in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020, 2. Art. No.: CD001122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Teede, HJ, Misso, ML, Costello, MF, et al. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2018 Sept 1;33(9):1602–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pouwels, S, Buise, MP, Twardowski, P, Stepaniak, PS, Proczko, M. Obesity surgery and anesthesiology risks: a review of key concepts and related physiology. Obes Surg. 2019 Aug;29(8):2670–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bordewijk, EM, Ng, KYB, Rakic, L, et al. Laparoscopic ovarian drilling for ovulation induction in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020; 2, Art. No.: CD001122.Google Scholar
Ahmad, G, Kim, K, Thompson, M, et al. Barrier agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Catteau-Jonard, S, Bancquart, J, Poncelet, E, Lefebvre-Maunoury, C, Robin, G, Dewailly, D. Polycystic ovaries at ultrasound: normal variant or silent polycystic ovary syndrome? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Aug;40(2):223–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mizrachi, Y, Horowitz, E, Farhi, J, Raziel, A, Weissman, A. Ovarian stimulation for freeze-all IVF cycles: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2020 Jan 1;26(1):118–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Engmann, L, Sladkevicius, P, Agrawal, R, et al. The pattern of changes in ovarian stromal and uterine artery blood flow velocities during IVF treatment and its relationship with outcome of the cycle. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Jan;13(1):26–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, YJ, Ku, SY, Jee, BC, et al. A comparative study on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization between women with polycystic ovary syndrome and those with sonographic polycystic ovary-only in GnRH antagonist cycles. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2010 Aug;282(2):199–205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Engmann, L, Maconochie, N, Sladkevicius, P, Bekir, J, Campbell, S, Tan, SL. The outcome of in-vitro fertilization treatment in women with sonographic evidence of polycystic ovarian morphology. Hum Reprod. 1999 Jan;14(1):167–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Selçuk, S, Özkaya, E, Eser, A, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of in vitro fertilization in different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 March; 13(1):1–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Heijnen, EMEW, Eijkemans, MJC, Hughes, EG, et al. A meta-analysis of outcomes of conventional IVF in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod Update. 2006;12(1):13–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Geyter, C, Calhaz-Jorge, C, Kupka, MS, et al. ART in Europe, 2015: results generated from European registries by ESHRE. Hum Reprod Open. 2020;1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ESHRE Reproductive Endocrinology Guideline Group. Ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI: Guideline of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, 2019.Google Scholar
Teede, H, Misso, M, Costello, M. International evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. 2018. Monash University on behalf of the NHMR. Available from: monash.edu/medicine/sphpm/mchri/pcos.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Further Reading

Al-Omari, WR, Sulaiman, WR, Al-Hadithi, N. Comparison of two AIs in women with clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2004;853:289–91.Google Scholar
Cole, PA, Robinson, CH. Mechanism and inhibition of cytochrome P-450 aromatase. J Med Chem. 1990;33:2933–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitwally, MFM, Casper, RF. Use of an AI for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate. Fertil Steril. 2000;75:305–9.Google Scholar
Roberts, V, Meunier, H, Vaughan, J, et al. Production and regulation of inhibin subunits in pituitary gonadotrophs. Endocrinology. 1989;124:552–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenfeld, CR, Roy, T, Cox, BE. Mechanisms modulating estrogen-induced uterine vasodilation. Vascul Pharmacol. 2002;382:115–25.Google Scholar
Weil, S, Vendola, K, Zhou, J, Bondy, CA. Androgen and follicle-stimulating hormone interactions in primate ovarian follicle development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;848:2951–6.Google Scholar

References

Mitwally, MF, Casper, RF. Aromatase inhibition: a novel method of ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Reprod. Technol. 2000;10(5):244–7.Google Scholar
Mitwally, MFM, Casper, RF. Reprint of: use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate. Fertil Steril. 2019 Oct;112(4S1):e178–82. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.08.087.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diamond, MP, Mitwally, M, Casper, R, et al. Estimating rates of multiple gestation pregnancies: sample size calculation from the assessment of multiple intrauterine gestations from ovarian stimulation (AMIGOS) trial. Contemp Clin Trials. 2011 Nov;32(6):902–8. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2011.07.009.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitwally, MF, Casper, RF. Single-dose administration of an aromatase inhibitor for ovarian stimulation. Fertil Steril. 2005 Jan;83(1):229–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitwally, MF, Casper, RF. LH surge is associated with higher LH levels and more physiologic estradiol levels in aromatase inhibitor ovarian stimulation cycles. Fertil Steril. Sept 2004;82(Suppl 2):S144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Hill, AB. The environment and disease: association or causation? Proc Royal Soc Med. 1965;58:295–300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Venetis, CA, Kolibianakis, EM, Bosdou, JK, Tarlatzis, BC. Progesterone elevation and probability of pregnancy after IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis of over 60,000 cycles. Hum Reprod Update. 2013;19:433–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bosch, E, Labarta, E, Crespo, J, et al. Circulating progesterone levels and ongoing pregnancy rates in controlled ovarian stimulation cycles for in vitro fertilization: analysis of over 4000 cycles. Hum Reprod. 2010;5:2092–100.Google Scholar
Labarta, E, Mariani, G, Holtmann, N, Celada, P, Remohí, J, Bosch, E. Low serum progesterone on the day of embryo transfer is associated with a diminished ongoing pregnancy rate in oocyte donation cycles after artificial endometrial preparation: a prospective study. Hum Reprod. 2017;32:2437–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bosch, E, Valencia, I, Escudero, E, et al. Premature luteinization during gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cycles and its relationship with in vitro fertilization outcome. Fertil Steril. 2003;80:1444–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Maas, KAK, Nguyen, K-H, Spratt, DI, Penzias, AS. Inter-assay variability of progesterone in patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART). Fertil Steril. 2011; 96:S122–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolibianakis, EM, Collins, JC, Tarlatzis, BC, Devroey, P, Diedrich, K, Griesinger, G. Among patients treated for IVF with gonadotrophins and GnRH analogues, is the probability of live birth dependent on the type of analogue used? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2006;12:651–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Racca, A, Santos-Ribeiro, S, De Munch, N, et al. Impact of late-follicular phase elevated serum progesterone on cumulative live birth rates: is there a deleterious effect on embryo quality? Hum Reprod. 2018;33:860–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humm, KC, Ibrahim, Y, Dodge, LE, et al. Does elevated serum progesterone on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration decrease live birth rates? J Reprod Med. 2012;57:9–12.Google Scholar
Ubaldi, F, Smitz, J, Wisanto, A, et al. Oocyte and embryo quality as well as pregnancy rate in intracytoplasmic sperm injection are not affected by high follicular phase serum progesterone. Hum Reprod. 1995;10:3091–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Coomarasamy, A, Williams, H, Truchanowicz, E, et al. A randomized trial of progesterone in women with recurrent miscarriages. New Engl J Med. 2015;373(22):2141–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saccone, G, Schoen, C, Franasiak, JM, et al. Supplementation with progestogens in the first trimester of pregnancy to prevent miscarriage in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Fertil Steril. 2017;107(2):430–38.e3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
The ESHRE Guideline Group on RPL. Atik, RB, Christiansen, OB, Elson, J, et al. ESHRE guideline: recurrent pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod Open. 2018;2018(2):hoy004.Google Scholar
Coomarasamy, A, Devall, AJ, Cheed, V, et al. A randomized trial of progesterone in women with bleeding in early pregnancy. New Engl J Med. 2019;380(19):1815–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coomarasamy, A, Devall, AJ, Brosens, JJ, et al. Micronized vaginal progesterone to prevent miscarriage: a critical evaluation of randomized evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;223(2):167–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Haas, DM, Hathaway, TJ, Ramsey, PS. Progestogen for preventing miscarriage in women with recurrent miscarriage of unclear etiology. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;10:CD003511.Google ScholarPubMed
Coomarasamy, A, Williams, H, Truchanowicz, E, et al. A randomized trial of progesterone in women with recurrent miscarriages. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:2141–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coomarasamy, A, Devall, AJ, Brosens, JJ, et al. Micronized vaginal progesterone to prevent miscarriage: a critical evaluation of randomized evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 ;223(2):167–76.Google ScholarPubMed
Coomarasamy, A, Devall, AJ, Cheed, V, et al. A randomized trial of progesterone in women with bleeding in early pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:1815–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zaqout, M, Aslem, E, Abuqamar, M, Abughazza, O, Panzer, J, De Wolf, D. The impact of oral intake of dydrogesterone on fetal heart development during early pregnancy. Pediatr Cardiol. 2015;36(7):1483–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Koedooder, R, Mackens, S, Budding, A, et al. Identification and evaluation of the microbiome in the female and male reproductive tracts. Hum Reprod Update. 2019;25(3):298–325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koedooder, R, Singer, M, Schoenmakers, S, et al. The vaginal microbiome as a predictor for outcome of in vitro fertilization with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a prospective study. Hum Reprod. 2019;34(6):1042–54.Google ScholarPubMed
Moreno, I, Codoner, FM, Vilella, F, et al. Evidence that the endometrial microbiota has an effect on implantation success or failure. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(6):684–703.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gajer, P, Brotman, RM, Bai, G, et al. Temporal dynamics of the human vaginal microbiota. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4(132):132ra52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kyono, K, Hashimoto, T, Nagai, Y, Sakuraba, Y. Analysis of endometrial microbiota by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing among infertile patients: a single-center pilot study. Reprod Med Biol. 2018;17(3):297–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pelzer, ES, Allan, JA, Waterhouse, MA, Ross, T, Beagley, KW, Knox, CL. Microorganisms within human follicular fluid: effects on IVF. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(3):e59062.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Winters, AD, Romero, R, Gervasi, MT, et al. Does the endometrial cavity have a molecular microbial signature? Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):9905.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitchell, CM, Haick, A, Nkwopara, E, et al. Colonization of the upper genital tract by vaginal bacterial species in nonpregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;212(5):611.e1–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haahr, T, Jensen, JS, Thomsen, L, Duus, L, Rygaard, K, Humaidan, P. Abnormal vaginal microbiota may be associated with poor reproductive outcomes: a prospective study in IVF patients. Hum Reprod. 2016;31(4):795–803.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koedooder, R, Singer, M, Schoenmakers, S, et al. The vaginal microbiome as a predictor for outcome of in vitro fertilization with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a prospective study. Hum Reprod. 2019;34(6):1042–54.Google ScholarPubMed
Haahr, T, Zacho, J, Bräuner, M, Shathmigha, K, Skov Jensen, J, Humaidan, P. Reproductive outcome of patients undergoing in vitro fertilisation treatment and diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis or abnormal vaginal microbiota: a systematic PRISMA review and meta-analysis. BJOG. 2018;223(2):167–76.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×