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  • 11 - The Multimedia Principle

  • from Part III - Basic Principles of Multimedia Learning
  • Edited by Richard E. Mayer, University of California, Santa Barbara, Logan Fiorella, University of Georgia
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning
    Published online:
    19 November 2021
    Print publication:
    09 December 2021, pp 145-157

  • Summary

    The multimedia principle is that people learn better from words and pictures than from words alone. For example, a multimedia lesson consists of an animation depicting the steps in lightning formation along with concurrent narration describing the steps in the lightning formation, whereas a single-medium lesson consists of narration alone. Based on research carried out by myself and my colleagues, in 13 out of 13 tests, learners who received text and illustrations or narration and animation (dual representation group) performed better on transfer tests than did learners who received text alone or narration alone (single representation group), with a median effect size of d = 1.35.