Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by vascular thrombosis and/or obstetric morbidity in the presence of persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) namely, lupus anticoagulant antibodies (LAC), anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and/or anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies. The syndrome produces a spectrum of disease, both in terms of clinical manifestations and the presence of other autoimmune conditions. The disease is classified as primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) when it occurs in the absence of any features of other autoimmune disease, and secondary where other autoimmune disease is present secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (SAPS). Upto 30% of patients with APS have minor valvular abnormalities, which usually do not cause hemodynamic disturbance. Individual treatment strategies for the management of the APS in pregnancy in part depend on the assessment of a number of different factors. The first treatment used and studied for pregnant patients with APS, was a combination of corticosteroids and low dose aspirin.

Sturge-Weber syndrome is characterized by a facial cutaneous nevus (port-wine stain) and a leptomeningeal angioma, often found ipsilateral to the facial lesion. Epileptic seizures, mental retardation, and focal neurological deficits are the primary neurologic abnormalities of Sturge-Weber syndrome. In a series of 52 adults with Sturge-Weber syndrome, 65% had neurologic deficits including stroke, hemiparesis, spasticity, and/or weakness. Neuroimaging, electroencephalography, and functional testing with Positron emission tomography (PET) and Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) may also help to define the extent of the intracranial lesion for possible epilepsy surgery. Although gyral calcification is a classic feature of Sturge-Weber syndrome, this "tram track" appearance is not always present. Bilateral calcification is common. Calcification often becomes more apparent as the patient becomes older but is sometimes already present at birth. Daily aspirin has been tried in an effort to prevent recurrent vascular thrombosis that may cause neurologic deterioration.