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2 results

  • Sexual dimorphism on aortic remodelling in rats offspring from diabetic mothers and the role of flaxseed oil in this effect

  • G. C. Vicente, A. M. Correia-Santos, M. A. Chagas, G. T. Boaventura
  • Journal:
    Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease / Volume 10 / Issue 3 / June 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    04 March 2019, pp. 338-344

  • Diabetes during pregnancy is associated with aortic remodelling in the fetus, stimulating the development of cardiovascular diseases in adult life. However, studies suggest that the use of foods high in omega-3 fatty acid, such as flaxseed oil, may reverse this effect of metabolic programming. This study aimed at investigating whether the effects of diabetes in mothers are passed on to their offspring in a gender-specific manner and whether the flaxseed oil used during pregnancy and lactation reverses or not the possible negative effects of this programming. Diabetic female rats (n = 18) were mated and allocated into three groups (n = 6): high-fat group (HG); flaxseed oil group (FOG) and control group (CG) (nondiabetic rats) during pregnancy and lactation. On the 21st day, male and female pups were weaned on a standard diet until 180 days. Aorta histomorphometry was analysed. Intima-media layer thickness was larger in FOG than CG in male (+15%) and than HG in female (+13.7%). Male FOG (+11.5%) showed higher amount of elastic fibre than CG. Maternal intake of flaxseed oil during pregnancy and lactation of diabetic mothers program the offspring to increase aorta intima-media layer thickness in adulthood and preserves aorta elastic fibres deposition in male offspring.

  • 5 - Vascular growth and modelling in the endometrium

  • from SECTION 1 - PREPARATION FOR IMPLANTATION – THE UTERINE ENVIRONMENT
  • Edited by Hilary Critchley, University of Edinburgh, Iain Cameron, University of Southampton, Stephen Smith
  • Book:
    Implantation and Early Development
    Published online:
    05 June 2014
    Print publication:
    01 June 2005, pp 61-69

  • Summary

    The generation of an appropriate environment for embryonic development requires the development of a receptive endometrium. Examination of routinely fixed sections of endometrial tissue reveals a striking feature of the endometrial vasculature, namely the presence of the so-called spiral arterioles. The presence of such vascular smooth muscles enables these vessels to regulate blood flow within the endometrium. The profound changes that occur in the endometrial thickness and structure during the menstrual cycle, one would expect that endothelial growth might show similar changes over the menstrual cycle. Endothelial cells from different tissues differ in a variety of ways and, the vasculature within the endometrium shows considerable variation at different anatomical sites and it also varies during the menstrual cycle. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system interacts with other signalling families to cooperatively regulate vessel growth and adaptation.