The debate between proponents of ideal and nonideal approaches to political
philosophy has thus far been framed as a meta-level debate about normative
theory. The argument of this essay will be that the ideal/nonideal debate can be
helpfully reframed as a ground-level debate within normative theory.
Specifically, it can be understood as a debate within the applied normative
field of professional ethics, with the profession being examined that of
political philosophy itself. If the community of academic political theorists
and philosophers cannot help us navigate the problems we face in actual
political life, they have not lived up to the moral demands of their vocation. A
moderate form of what David Estlund decries as
“utopophobia” is therefore an integral element of a proper
professional ethic for political philosophers. The moderate utopophobe maintains
that while devoting scarce time and resources to constructing utopias may
sometimes be justifiable, it is never self-justifying. Utopianism is defensible
only insofar as it can reasonably be expected to help inform or improve
non-utopian political thinking.