Brown trout and rainbow trout (average weight 100 g) were reared in fresh water at 12 °C under the same conditions before transfer of brown trout to sea water, in order to compare nitrogen utilisation in the two species. Apparent protein digestibility (ADC), nitrogen (ammonia and urea) excretion, protein productive value (PPV) and actual observed nitrogen mass balance were determined. Rainbow trout raised in fresh water had a higher growth rate (1.1 vs 0.8%.d−1), better food conversion ratio (0.7 vs 1.0), better ADC (91 vs 85%) and PPV (45 vs 35%) and lower ammonia excretion rates than brown trout reared in fresh water. Transferring brown trout to sea water induced lower PPV (30%) and ammonia and urea excretion. Salinity did not modify metabolic efficiency in brown trout. Fat content was higher in brown trout (7.7-8.9% ww) than in rainbow trout (5.7-7.6% ww). Nitrogen mass balance indicated that compounds other than ammonia and urea were produced in higher quantities by seawater brown trout. Behaviour, less domestication and specific ability to utilise protein could explain the differences between the two species.

Fish Farming enriches the water column in dissolved organic and inorganic material. These materials excreed by the fish, elutriate from uneaten food and derive from other polluting substances. Ratios of the organic/inorganic forms of substances (for example N and P) are thus modified. Such perturbations in turn affect phytoplankton development. From in vitro analyses and tests of water taken from a turbot rearing tank, we show the changes in seawater chemical composition produced as well as the way growth was modified in three phytoplankton species: the diatom, Chaetoceros gracile, and the dinoflagellates, Gymnodinium cf. nagasakiense and Alexandrium minutum. Elutriates from the granules used for feed (0.1 to 100 mg.l−1) were found to be stimulating, particularly for Gymnodinium. Alexandrium was strongly inhibited both by turbot-tank water diluted 10-fold with coastal seawater and by diluted faeces elutriates. Urea added at low concentrations (1 to 2.5 µmol.l−1) inhibited growth in Alexandrium and Chaetoceros, but at 1 µmol.l−1 it stimulated growth in Gymnodinium. The antibiotic, Oxytetracycline was complex in its effects, with growth inhibition being observed in Chaetoceros and Gymnodinium, but stimulation in Alexandrium (at 0.2 mg.l−1). In general, we found fish farming to allow phytoplankton growth, except for Alexandrium in a few cases. Additions to the water from fish farming may regulate growth in some species. As such additions act differently on growth in different species, fish farming is likely to markedly modify species composition in its vicinity.