Occipital neuralgia (ON) is a rare headache disorder mainly affecting the posteriorupper neck and posterior head region. By definition, ON is characterized by paroxysmal shooting or stabbing, sudden-onset pain that has frequent recurrence, lasting for a few minutes at a time. This pain syndrome is related to the nerve distribution that involves spinal nerves emerging from the upper cervical region that traverse to the base of the neck and run up the posterior scalp. It involves compression, injury, or trauma to greater occipital nerve (GON), lesser occipital nerve (LON), and then rarely due to third occipital nerve (TON). Conceptually, nerve entrapment between anatomical structures have been hypothesized to be a large contributing factor to the pathophysiology of ON. Most cases of ON are idiopathic with no clear etiology that is structurally identifiable. It is hypothesized that the pain from ON is due to compression, injury, or irritation (e.g. chronic instability, entrapment, trauma, inflammation) of the greater occipital nerve, lesser occipital nerve, and/or the third occipital nerve. Treatment can be conservative or interventional modalities.