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tetanospasmin

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3.4.5 - Tetanus
from Section 3.4 - Neurological Impairment and Injury
- By Sachin Mehta, Manpreet Bahra
Edited by Ned Gilbert-Kawai, The Royal Liverpool Hospital, Debashish Dutta, Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow, Carl Waldmann, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading
Book:

Intensive Care Medicine

Published online:

27 July 2023

Print publication:

01 December 2021, pp 191-193
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Summary

Key Learning Points
1. Tetanus is a potentially lethal condition that must be considered in patients with muscle spasms and inadequate immunisation.
2. Initial management focuses on administration of human tetanus immunoglobulin, followed by wound cleaning and debridement.
3. Patients with shorter incubation periods have increased disease severity and mortality.
4. Supportive care is the mainstay of management to avoid complications such as fractures, rhabdomyolysis and respiratory failure.
5. Autonomic instability indicates severe disease and is the most common cause of death.