In considering the suitable options for a substance-abuse treatment program for the homeless, one solid choice was the empirically based behavioral intervention called the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA). CRA offers a comprehensive approach to substance-abuse treatment that addresses many of the needs of homeless men and women. The traditional CRA program was modified to better suit the needs of the homeless population. The study presented in this chapter was a controlled comparison of CRA and a day shelter's standard treatment for alcohol-dependent homeless individuals. The CRA condition outperformed the standard treatment (STD) on all three Brief Drinker Profile (BDP) drinking measures and across all follow-ups. The promising results were obtained while using a cost-effective group format by relatively inexperienced therapists. Future studies should focus on women's responses to the CRA program so that the necessary adaptations can be instituted.