Ural Federal University is one of the main and most effective centers for educating young astronomers in Russia. The traditional student scientific conferences “Physics of Space” have been successfully held annually in Kourovka Astronomical Observatory of the Ural Federal University for 50 years and have gained recognition not only in Russia. The conference initiated many educational initiatives both in the Ural region and, in general, in Russia. The astronomy education system implemented by UrFU and partners includes the following activities: 1) education and career guidance of schoolchildren in the Lyceum of UrFU, 2) activities to attract applicants, 3) training at the speciality, undergraduate, and graduate level, 4) participation in the student conferences “Physics of Space”, 5) postgraduate studies, 6) cooperation in the field of education. This activity ensures the attraction of promising youth to scientific research.