A 55-year-old woman presents reporting two years of bothersome episodes of leaking urine. The episodes of incontinence have become more frequent over that time and now occur daily. The urine loss is provoked by laughing, coughing, and standing from a sitting position. The symptoms are significant enough to require the regular use of sanitary pads. The embarrassment associated with these episodes has caused the patient to limit her normal physical and social activities in recent months. She denies symptoms of urgency or frequency associated with the incontinence episodes, and she denies hematuria, dysuria, or nocturia. She has no other gynecologic complaints. Obstetric history is significant for three term spontaneous vaginal deliveries without complications. She has no past medical or surgical history. She is not taking any medications and has no known drug allergies.

A 45-year-old female is awaiting discharge from the post-anesthesia recovery unit but is unable to void. She is two hours post-completion of a transobturator tension-free vaginal tape procedure for stress urinary incontinence. The procedure was uncomplicated with minimal blood loss. It was performed under spinal anesthesia. Post-procedure cystoscopy was normal. She is in minimal pain after taking ibuprofen and oxycodone. She is tolerating a general diet without nausea. She reports the sensation of a full bladder. She has no significant past medical or surgical history. She is currently taking multivitamins (one tablet PO daily) and has no known drug allergies.