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2 results

  • 12 - A Four-Letter Word

  • Tommaso Soave, Central European University, Budapest
  • Book:
    The Everyday Makers of International Law
    Published online:
    03 November 2022
    Print publication:
    17 November 2022, pp 224-244

  • Summary

    This chapter turns to the second step of interpretation, namely content-determination. This exercise can be narrated in two ways: first, by reference to the formal rules of interpretation set forth in the VCLT; second, in light of the assumptions, predispositions, and standards of acceptability shared by the judicial community. The juxtaposition of these accounts highlights the interplay between freedom and constraint in international treaty interpretation. What guides the gaze of the interpreter? Where are the boundaries of their discretion? On the one hand, VCLT rules are powerless before the ontological indeterminacy of legal norms, and have therefore little cash value when it comes to derive exact meaning. On the other hand, the patterned practices and background knowledge of the community impose powerful limitations on the interpreter’s discretion.

  • Predictors of Emotional Adjustment following Traumatic Injury: Personal, Social, and Material Resources

  • Matthew J. Cordova, Robyn Walser, Janet Neff, Josef I. Ruzek
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 20 / Issue 1 / February 2005
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 June 2012, pp. 7-13
    Print publication:
    February 2005
  • Introduction:

    The identification of factors influencing emotional adjustment after injury may elucidate the design of assessment and treatment procedures in emergency medicine settings and suggest targets for early intervention to prevent the later development of psychological impairment. Personal, social, and material resources may be influential factors and require further evaluation.

    Hypotheses:

    Greater experiential avoidance, social constraints on discussing the trauma experience, and loss of material resources would be associated with more of the symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression following traumatic injury.

    Methods:

    Participants (n = 47) at a mean of 7.4 months post-injury, completed a telephone interview assessment, including evaluation of sociodemographic characteristics, conservation of resources, social constraints, acceptance and commitment, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Hypotheses were tested using multivariate regression analyses.

    Results:

    Only greater social constraints were uniquely predictive of greater PTSD symptomatology. Higher levels of experiential avoidance, social constraints, and loss of material resources all were associated with greater levels of depression.

    Conclusion:

    Assessment of personal coping style, receptivity of social network, and loss of potential material resources following traumatic injury may facilitate identification of individuals at-risk for poorer post-injury adaptation. Psychosocial interventions targeting such individuals may be promising.