This chapter presents a brief introduction to the different forms of memory. After brain injury there is usually a period during which cognitive functions impaired by primary and secondary damage recover. The aim of restitution-oriented therapies for memory impairment (or indeed any impairment) is, in effect, to restore the physical or the functional integrity of the memory systems of the brain. Pharmacological and some memory training interventions might be considered to be attempts to restore functional integrity of memory systems. The chapter reviews recent studies that provide the basis for future developments in biologically based memory rehabilitation, along with examples of compensatory learning methods, strategies and aids. Within the category of compensatory strategies, there is a range of possible intervention approaches, some of which have been well evaluated. Four different types of approach can be identified: enhanced learning, mnemonic strategies, external aids, and environmental modification.