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5 results

  • 4 - The Religious Governance of the Latin World, 1150–1378

  • D. L. d'Avray, University College London
  • Book:
    The Power of Protocol
    Published online:
    20 July 2023
    Print publication:
    10 August 2023, pp 77-136

  • Summary

    The papacy managed to meet the mushrooming demand for its documents. A new genre of documents appeared, ‘letters of grace’, granting special privileges. Demand for benefices was one major category. Only a small proportion of papal registers were registered, and two or more people might receive the same grant, so the curia developed a system of ranked formulae to see which letter had priority. Another genre met the demand for papal justice: ‘letters of justice’. These appointed judges delegate in the localities. A remarkable institution called the Audientia litterarum contradictarum made the system functional. Behind all this there was no proper bureaucracy with division between home and work, salaries and line managers. Slightly more like a bureaucracy was the Apostolic Penitentiary, which dealt with absolutions from excommunication and dispensations. In the fourteenth century, with the papacy based in Avignon, record keeping was less random and rules to regulate the otherwise unbureaucratic administration were formulated for both Penitentiary and Chancery. High level letters were handled separately from the quantitatively enormous routine business. The Schism that started in 1378, shortly after the papacy returned to Rome, marked a sharp break.

  • 29 - Use of the statute book and legislation of other jurisdictions

  • from Part VII - The wider context
  • Jeffrey Barnes, La Trobe University, Victoria, Jacinta Dharmananda, University of Western Australia, Perth, Eamonn Moran
  • Book:
    Modern Statutory Interpretation
    Published online:
    05 January 2023
    Print publication:
    10 January 2023, pp 450-463

  • Summary

    [29.1] ‘The statute book’ is a term commonly used to describe all Acts of Parliament in existence in a particular jurisdiction, whether or not commenced to operate.1 A law on the statute book may be an aid to interpretation. The same principle applies to the use of legislation of other jurisdictions; this includes other states and territories as well as other countries. But the statute book for a jurisdiction and the legislation of other jurisdictions (the wider legislative context) are not necessarily relevant, even if the same or a similar word is used.

Australian Uniform Evidence Law
  • Fiona Hum, Bronwen Jackman, Ottavio Quirico, Gregor Urbas, Kip Werren
  • Published online:
    12 April 2019
    Print publication:
    22 February 2019
  • Australian Uniform Evidence Law offers a practical, clear and student-friendly introduction to the law of evidence and its operation across Uniform Evidence Act jurisdictions. Using a logical structure, with the Evidence Act 1995 (Cth) as its point of reference, this text introduces basic concepts before leading into more detailed coverage of the Act. Curated cases and excerpts from the legislation, with clear summaries and explanations of the rules, help students understand the application of the Act. Practice problems at the end of each chapter provide students with the opportunity to test their knowledge of each topic. Additionally, a 'Putting it all together' chapter at the end of the text challenges students with complex problems. Guided solutions, a summary of the key points discussed, key terms and definitions, and guides to further reading are included for each chapter. Providing clear explanation and engaging examples, this highly readable text is an essential resource for students.

  • A review of the public-funded primary health care facilities for children in the pluralistic health care settings of Barbados, a Caribbean island

  • Anders L. Nielsen, Alok Kumar
  • Journal:
    Primary Health Care Research & Development / Volume 17 / Issue 2 / March 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 June 2015, pp. 157-165
    • Article
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  • Aim

    The major objectives of this study were to evaluate the existing pediatrics health care service provisions and utilizations of the public polyclinics in Barbados. Furthermore, the aim was to assess if the existing manpower resources were adequate.

    Background

    Barbados has a mixed health care system consisting of both a socialized and a private health care system. The Ministry of Health commissioned a needs assessment survey of the pediatrics primary health care at the public polyclinics.

    Methods

    Primary data were collected through interviews with the public primary health care providers. Secondary data were collected from the Barbados Census Data and Ministry of Health statistics. Data were analyzed to assess the pediatrics primary health care service utilization and adequacy of existing resources at the polyclinics.

    Findings

    In 2012, there were 62 934 visits from children <16 years of age to the public polyclinics in Barbados and this accounted for 39.1% of all visits (both adults and children) to the polyclinics. An overall 16.7% of the visits were from children less than five years old to the Well Child Clinic for immunization and for growth and development monitoring; 32% of all physician consultations at the polyclinics were for children <16 years. Utilization of health services by children at the polyclinics was 5245 visits/month. Given an expected monthly demand for 10 822 visits from children, the polyclinics serve 48.5% of the primary health care demand for children in Barbados.

    Conclusions

    The public polyclinics play a pivotal role in the pluralistic primary health care system in Barbados. They fulfill nearly half of all the primary care demand and more importantly provides for almost the entire immunization demand, and thereby ensuring high coverage.

    The existing resources, if used optimally, would reduce the long consultation time observed in this setting, and thereby increase the capacity considerably.