This chapter illustrates how information from functional neuroimaging complements and extends the knowledge one has gained about olfaction from studying disorders of the temporal lobes. Such integration of approaches and findings promises to broaden the understanding of the 'Olfactory brain'. Olfactory functioning has been studied in various patient groups whose lesions involved the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has been one of the commonly used models for the study of this relationship, because the olfactory system comprises some of the structures that are a frequent source of epileptogenic activity. Two studies showed a change in the functional neuroanatomy of the olfactory response over time. A unique feature of the olfactory system is that perception itself involves limbic structures, including the amygdala. Odour-induced activations have been reported less often in the entorhinal cortex than in the piriform cortex or the amygdala.