The concluding section relates the questions and hypotheses advanced throughout the entire study to the fieldwork. It states that all the hypotheses advanced, each in its own way, contribute to explain the Diyanet’s decision to support its own feminization. In the early 2000s, a state amnesty allowed the reinstatement of those women who had been excluded from public sectors because of the head scarf ban. However, such a reconfiguration of the political opportunities structure led to a broader effect: the emergence of a pious female bureaucrat who calls into question the role of devout Muslim women within both religious circles and Turkish society. The general conclusion is that the vaize institution testifies to an accomplished reinstatement of a generation of women within the state bureaucracy. Moreover, the emergence of a pious female bureaucrat redefines the boundaries of the Turkish state vis-à-vis religion.

In this chapter the actors and factors contributing to the Diyanet’s gender policy in the 2000s are presented. What emerges are figures of pious female bureaucrats connecting the state with the religious realm, which bears witness to an accomplished reintegration within the state bureaucracy of a generation of women who voiced their exclusion from the public sphere. Moreover, the ethnographic fieldwork casts light on three main aspects of vaizeler’s activities: the nature of vaizeler’s invitation (that is, how the preachers reach women and invite them to participate in the religious public realm); the way the vaizeler promote both a conscious believing and a daily performance of religious practices; and how the religious guidance and moral support of women and families contribute to enlarge the notion of religious services. Diyanet’s policies toward women, and in particular the feminization of religious services, are the lens through which the intertwined relationships between women, religion, and the state in Turkey are reassessed.