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2 results

  • 12 - Cyprus

  • from PART II - THE MIDDLE EAST
  • Edited by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, N. G. L. Hammond, E. Sollberger
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Ancient History
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    05 August 1982, pp 511-533

  • Summary

    The history of Cyprus after about 1050 BC is clouded by what is usually called the 'Dark Age' in Greece. Sacred architecture of the Cypro-Geometric period is known also from Ayia Irini, where a rustic temenos was uncovered, an irregular oval in shape, with an altar and a table of offerings for libations. Citium is referred to as Khardihadast (' the New City') in Phoenician inscriptions engraved on bronze bowls and found near Amathus on the south coast of Cyprus, west of Citium. The end of the Cypro-Geometric period, which may be placed about 750 BC finds Cyprus at the beginning of an era of prosperity which was to culminate during the subsequent period. The Mycenaean Greeks had established their political and cultural supremacy in the various kingdoms of the island which were formed after the final stages of Achaean settlement. Only Citium remained outside their rule, with a Phoenician king appointed directly from Tyre.

  • 2 - North Africa in the period of Phoenician and Greek colonization, c. 800 to 323 BC

  • Edited by J. D. Fage
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Africa
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    01 February 1979, pp 87-147

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses that Greek and Phoenician colonization had a different character from that of the European nations in recent times. Egyptian control over Syria and over Kush to the south had been lost. The history of Egypt during the 'period of colonization' was still the history of the Egyptian state, that of the rest of North Africa has to be treated as the history of the new states established by the Greek and Phoenician immigrants. The Greek colonists occupied the area known, from the name of their principal city Cyrene, as Cyrenaica. The relative isolation of Cyrenaica was ended when the Greek army under Alexander occupied Egypt in 332 BC. The Phoenicians colonized a much greater area of North Africa than the Greeks, and their influence on Africa was probably more profound as well as being more widespread. The Phoenicians were established on the coast of North Africa considerably earlier than the Greeks.