This chapter focuses on Stoicism as it developed between the time of Antiochus and the third century CE. At the end of the Hellenistic era Stoicism could be and was seen in two quite different relationships to the two schools, Platonism and Aristotelianism, which would play the largest role in the development of later ancient philosophy. In the years after the closure of the central school at Athens, Stoicism of course lived on. from the second century BCE onwards Stoic philosophers intensified their interaction with Platonists and Aristotelians in a way that enriched the intellectual life of the school. Four philosophers deserve particular attention as indicators of the level and type of engagement with Stoicism in the period: Platonist Plutarch of Chaeronea, Alexander of Aphrodisias, philosophical doctor Galen, and Alcinous. Plutarch, Galen and Alexander take aim at Stoic doctrines and argue against Stoic opponents, both contemporary and historical, Alcinous is perhaps more representative of philosophical teachers in his day.