Neuroimaging technologies have revolutionized the capacity to study schizophrenia and the understanding of its neural substrates and neural mechanisms. This chapter enables the reader to take stock of how far we have in fact come. It focuses on the developments of neuroimaging of schizophrenia till 1970s, from the mid-1980s till the mid-1990s, and the present modern era. By the early 1980s, a thrilling new imaging technology emerged: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The technical challenges of positron emission tomography (PET), the need for a cyclotron and a radiochemist, and design limitations imposed by repeated radiation exposure prevented the functional imaging modality from becoming widely available. In the world of MR spectroscopy (MRS), a future goal is to develop the MR sequences and the analysis tools for conducting whole-brain MRS. In the world of fMR, goals include methods to measure blood flow and metabolism rather than the BOLD effect.