For centuries up to about 1000 CE, and in many settings also long thereafter, medieval Europeans ate almost exclusively the fishes available in their nearby waters, fresh or marine. Predominant technologies and institutional arrangements could not easily or safely move fish or fish flesh more than a few days from the point of capture. Peasant households with local knowledge of seasonally available stocks took fish ‘for their own table’. Local communities with de facto access to waters defended customary uses on what later writers would call fisheries commons. Much better documented, however, were those subordinates obligated to supply fish for the tables of their social superiors and masters. For some this was routine labour service, but for a few it was full-time employment and expertise. Small gear handled by individuals could provide family subsistence, while crew-served equipment targeting seasonal concentrations served the larger demands of ruling elites. Depending on the fish variety and season, short-term preservation methods (salting, drying, smoking) might keep a catch edible for short-run future use. Local and regional variations on these practices were ubiquitous.

This chapter examines the first three months after birth, integrating the experiences of mothers and fathers. There is emphasis on understanding the newborn infant, a detailed review of evidence on sleeping and settling, and an examination of the impact of becoming a parent on identity and the couple relationship. Different cultural practices during the ‘first 100 days’ are discussed. The chapter concludes with an overview of research on psychological wellbeing, including perinatal mood disorders.