The third volume of the Cambridge Urban History of Britain comes to a close around 1950. It has explained how crisis and rupture in the second quarter of the nineteenth century were resolved in the later nineteenth century, through the creation of voluntary associations and an active municipal culture to deal with problems of 'free riders' and urban diseconomies. The issues of urban externalities, of systems of governance, of contesting claims on the urban environment are still important issues in contemporary Britain. The difficulties of resolving these issues have been intensified by disruption of urban governance. The creation of out-of-town shopping and new suburban estates has been countered by another trend, of regeneration of the inner city. The economic regeneration of some towns rests on the arrival of investment from overseas, such as the Nissan car plant in Sunderland or Toyota in Derby, in place of the locally owned shipyards and railway workshops.