A new corticolous lichen species Ramonia variospora is described from Brazil. It has a verrucose thallus, concave, initally almost closed apothecia and variably 8 or c. 32–64, 1-septate ascospores per ascus; when 8 per ascus, ellipsoid and 16–22×6–10 µm; when c. 32–64 per ascus, broadly ellipsoid and 10–14×6–8 µm. A revised world key is given to all currently known species of Ramonia.