Simulation is a deliberate counterfeiting of physical or psychological symptoms in order to obtain a secondary gain or external incentive, like evading from military service, scape from work, obtain economic compensations or avoid criminal responsibility. It is estimated that prevalence is roughly 1% in mental health patients, with higher prevalence in young males and middle aged. Male with 52 years attends to emergency service. Erratic tracking in Mental Health Service from two years ago with unfavorable progress. He goes to emergency service referring aggravation of discomforted state of mind even with readjustment a week ago. Addiction to benzodiazepines and clinophilia. Currently with temporary inability to work of large data.

To set a differential diagnose between depression, factitious disorder and malingering.

Examination shows moderated sad mood with despair, reactive to disability and progression of his illness. Sparing in words speech, focused on life or work problems. Autolytic verbalizations and self-control inability.

Mmpi2 that shows: Gough’s F-K. Dissimulation index, 34. Cut-off point to consider simulation/ pretending being ill varies among authors. A conservative cut-off point is 15, showing a severe exaggeration of its discomfort and dissimulation.

It is important to make an appropriate anamnesis and psychopathological exploration, as well as observation to reach a correct diagnose. In this case, clearly secondary gain was founded, therefore diagnose was malingering.

No significant relationships.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) often supports clinical decision-making in complex diagnostic problems like differentiating neurosis from psychosis and psychosis from bipolar disorder. The MMPI Goldberg index, an arithmetical combination of five clinical scales, has been considered to provide a good estimate for discriminating between neurotic and psychotic profiles. Similarly, the MMPI-2 Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) scales have been found to be useful in differentiating diagnostic categories.

This study evaluates these findings in a sample of psychiatric patients diagnosed with depressive, psychotic, or bipolar disorder using ANOVA and discriminant analysis.

Results corroborate the validity of Goldberg’s index and find MMPI-2 PSY-5 scale Disconstraint to significantly differentiate between psychotic and bipolar-I disorder.

The MMPI-2 Goldberg index and PSY-5 scales can offer a useful contribution to the differential diagnosis of depressive, psychotic and bipolar disorder.

Clinical observations and a review of the literature led us to hypothesize that certain personality and character traits could provide improved understanding, and thus improved prevention, of suicidal behaviour among young women with eating disorders.

The clinical group consisted of 152 women aged between 18 and 24 years, with DSM-IV anorexia nervosa/restrictive type (AN-R = 66), anorexia nervosa/purging type (AN-P = 37), bulimia nervosa/non-purging type (BN-NP = 9), or bulimia nervosa/purging type (BN-P = 40). The control group consisted of 140 subjects. The assessment measures were the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—second version (MMPI-2) scales and subscales, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) used to control for current depressive symptoms, plus a specific questionnaire concerning suicide attempts.

Suicide attempts were most frequent in subjects with purging behaviour (30.0% for BN-P and 29.7% for AN-P). Those attempting suicide among subjects with eating disorders were mostly students (67.8%). For women with AN-R the scales for ‘Depression’ and ‘Antisocial practices’ represented significant suicidal risk, for women with AN-P the scales for ‘Hysteria’, ‘Psychopathic deviate’, ‘Shyness/Self-consciousness’, ‘Antisocial Practices’, ‘Obsessiveness’ and ‘Low self-esteem’ were risk indicators and for women with BN-P the ‘Psychasthenia’, ‘Anger’ and ‘Fears’ scales were risk indicators.

This study provides interesting results concerning the personality traits of young women with both eating disorders and suicidal behaviour. Students and those with purging behaviour are most at risk. Young women should be given more attention with regard to the risk of suicide attempts if they: (a) have AN-R with a tendency to self-punishment and antisocial conduct, (b) have AN-P with multiple physical complaints, are not at ease in social situations and have antisocial behaviour, or (c) if they have BN-P and tend to be easily angered with obsessive behaviour and phobic worries. The MMPI-2 is an interesting assessment method for the study of traits indicating a risk of suicidal behaviour in young subjects, after controlling for current depressive pathology.

This article describes an exploratory study of MMPI-2 administration to 20 patients with Korsakoff's disease, all admitted to the Korsakoff unit of a major psychiatric hospital in the Netherlands.

We compared their MMPI-2 basic profiles with those of an inpatient alcohol-dependent non-Korsakoff group. Attention was also given to content scales and some selected supplementary scales. Furthermore, we explored the differences between MMPI-2 profiles of Korsakoff patients with and without insight into oneself and one's disease.

Compared with both the Dutch norms and the scale means of the non-Korsakoff alcoholics, Korsakoff patients showed an extraordinary flat profile. Illness insight appeared to be related to the levels of the various scales.

The results show the potential usefulness of the MMPI-2 in the differential diagnosis of chronic alcoholism and Korsakoff's disease.

Observaciones clínicas y una revisión de las publicaciones nos llevaron a plantear la hipótesis de que algunos rasgos de la personalidad y el carácter podrían proporcionar una comprensión mejor y, así, una prevención mejor del comportamiento suicida entre mujeres jóvenes con trastorno de la conducta alimentaria.

El grupo clínico constaba de 152 mujeres entre 18 y 24 años de edad, con anorexia nerviosa de tipo restrictivo (AN-R = 66), anorexia nerviosa de tipo purgativo (AN-p = 37), bulimia nerviosa de tipo no purgativo (BN-NP = 9) o bulimia nerviosa de tipo purgativo (BM-P = 40) del DSM-IV. El grupo de control constaba de 140 sujetos. Las medidas de evaluación fueron las escalas y subesca-las de la segunda versión del Inventario Multifásico de Personalidad de Minnesota (MMPI-2), el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI), utilizado para controlar los síntomas depresivos actuales, más un cuestionario específico acerca de los intentos de suicidio.

Los intentos de suicidio eran más frecuentes en los sujetos con conducta purgativa (30,0% para la BN-P y 29,7% para la AN-P). Aquellos de entre los sujetos con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria que trataron de suicidarse eran en su mayoría estudiantes (67,8%). Para las mujeres con AN-R, las escalas para “Depresión” y “Prácticas antisociales” representaban un riesgo de suicidio significativo; para las mujeres con AN-P eran indicadores de riesgo las escalas para “Histeria”, “Desviación psicopática”, “Timidez social”, “Prácticas antisociales”, “Obsesividad” y “Baja autoestima”, y para las mujeres con BN-P eran indicadores de riesgo las escalas de “Psicastenia”, “Ira” y “Temores”.

Este estudio proporciona resultados interesantes acerca de los rasgos de personalidad de las mujeres jóvenes con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y comportamiento suicida a la vez. Las estudiantes y las que tienen conductas purgativas corren más riesgo. Se debe prestar más atención a las mujeres jóvenes con respecto al riesgo de intentos de suicidio si: (a) tienen AN-R con tendencia al autocastigo y la conducta antisocial, (b) tienen AN-P con problemas físicos múltiples, no están a gusto en situaciones sociales y tienen comportamiento antisocial, o (c) si tienen BN-P y tienden a enfadarse fácilmente con comportamiento obsesivo y preocupaciones fóbicas. El MMPI-2 es un método de evaluación interesante para el estudio de los rasgos que indican un riesgo de comportamiento suicida en los sujetos jóvenes, después de controlar la enfermedad depresiva actual.

El Inventario de Personalidad Multifásico de Minnessota (MMPI-2) apoya a menudo la toma de decisiones clínicas en problemas diagnósticos complejos, como diferenciar la neurosis de la psicosis y la psicosis del trastorno bipolar. Se ha considerado que el índice de Goldberg del MMPI, una combinación aritmética de cinco escalas clínicas, proporciona una buena estimación para discriminar entre los perfiles neurótic y psicótico. Del mismo modo, se ha encontrado que las escalas de las cinco dimensiones de personalidad psicopatológicas (PSY-5) del MMPI-2 son útiles al diferenciar las categorías diagnósticas.

Este estudio evalúa esos hallazgos en una muestra de pacientes psiquiátricos diagnosticados con trastorno depresivo, psicótico o bipolar utilizando ANOVA y análisis discriminate.

Los resultados corroboran la validez del índice de Goldberg y encuentran que la escala Disconstraint de los PSY 5 del MMPI-2 diferencia significativamente entre el trastorno psicótico y el trastorno bipolar I.

Las diferencias en Autocrítica del DEQ entre anoréxicas y bulímicas no se podían explicar por la depresión, ya que las pacientes bulímicas no mostraron niveles más altos en el BDI comparado con las anoréxicas, y no se encontró que los síntomas depresivos medidos con el BDI fueran predictores significativos del agrupamiento diagnóstico en una regresión múltiple logística.

El índice de Goldberg del MMPI-2 y las escalas de las PSY-5 pueden ofrecer una contribución útil al diagnóstic diferencial de los trastornos depresivo, psicótico y bipolar.