Artificial intelligence (AI) represents emerging technology with beneficial potential for the maritime domain, to contain all natural and manmade features, events, or activities appertaining to the seas, oceans or other navigable waterways. It is not a single technology but a continuum of capabilities designed to synergize computational processing power with human creativity. This chapter introduces key AI concepts, including but not limited to, algorithms, reinforcement learning, deep learning and artificial general intelligence. Science has not yet achieved sentient machines, and fully autonomous vessels may not become commonplace for a number of years; nevertheless, current AI technologies offer risk-reduction methodologies to human-crewed vessels operating in dynamic and often dangerous conditions. In general, AI can enhance compliance with the law of the sea and reduce marine casualties. Specifically, this chapter proposes that AI technologies should be adopted to facilitate safer navigation through improved hydrographic services and AI-supported decision-making for vessel masters and human crews at sea.