What makes diplomatic negotiation different from other negotiations is that it takes place between or among nation-states through their representatives, and the stakes are usually higher than those in a domestic context. In addition, while other types of negotiation tend to be mostly transactional, negotiating in diplomacy cannot be isolated from the overall relationship with the other party. A truly successful diplomatic negotiation is one that not only resolves an immediate problem, but ensures that the state of relations with the other side will serve one’s interests in the long run. That does not mean that ties must necessarily be close or friendly, as long as they are civil and respectful, and the countries can work together in the future. Another feature of negotiation that is essential in diplomacy is its ability to build a basis for empathy. It helps to convey one’s own motivations and interests directly, which can reduce misunderstanding, and it provides insight into the other side’s motivations and perceptions.

In the face of a rapidly emerging pandemic, there needs to be a concerted and organized response so that the pandemic can be stopped or slowed and patients can be accurately diagnosed and treated. As we learned with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there was no prescribed roadmap to follow, leaving scientists and clinicians to plan and respond in real time. Although the efforts were heroic in nature, some decisions (if they could be made again) would have been different. In this chapter, we address the lessons learned from the individuals who were on the battlefield in their area of expertise as they chartered their own path. We capture and record the activities that took place so that, going forward, there will be an extensive pandemic response roadmap indicating the activities of this pandemic (including their chronology and duration) for future generations to use as a guiding document to build upon.

Bob Medearis, Roger Smith, and Bill Biggerstaff founded Silicon Valley Bank in 1983. Smith ran the Bank as a startup business in the first decade. Subsequent CEO John Dean restructured the Bank and Ken Wilcox redirected the Bank with a central focus on exclusively serving the tech community. Greg Becker accelerated the Bank, connecting its past to the future. The bank’s assets grew at a fast pace during the pandemic. Becker tripled the size of the bank between 2019 and 2022.

The survival rate of 90% among wounded UK troops in Afghanistan (2004–2014) was the highest in the history of warfare. Foremost among these were severely disabled amputees, who emerged as an unexpected cohort of survivors of critical injuries. Soldiers who would have died from injuries in earlier wars were kept alive thanks to fellow soldiers highly trained in trauma medicine, paramedics who accompanied the helicopters, and the trauma care that the troops later received in hospital. We discuss our UK experience of learning from warfare, what made a difference, and how new knowledge could be used to improve physical injury and mental health related to trauma care in the UK. For the sake and sacrifice of our fallen and injured soldiers and for the benefit of our future NHS patients, an obligation rests with the NHS to allow the lessons learned from past conflicts to benefit the injured of the future.

This chapter starts with a discussion of the role played by verifiers in peace. We discuss some of the many types of verifiers, and how those whose roles are outside the formal political process can help to construct peace. Many of these have scientific or investigatory roles whose work informs the state of the world. There are interesting models in aviation, including not only the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) but also a variety of others including institutions dedicated to telemetry analysis and near miss analysis. We examine each and suggest how a cyber equivalent could contribute to our understanding of the state of the world, and in doing so, support peace.

Having systematically reviewed a comprehensive range of management measures across a wide range of rivers this chapter provides an overview of lessons learned to inform future management strategies. Key lessons are elucidated that relates to (i) urban flood management, (ii) the role of floodplain sedimentology in the design of effective hydraulic infrastructure (iii), the unintended geomorphic consequences of hydraulic engineering (iv), the palimpsest of floodplain management (v), dam removal and reservoir management and (vi), linkages between geodiversity and biodiversity. These lessons pertain to three main fluvial environments, including fluvial adjustment of channels, embanked floodplains, and flood basins and deltas. The study concludes by discussing reasons for concern and reasons for optimism as regards future management of lowland river environments.

This chapter addresses many other aspects that are affected in addition to the direct communication links, when introducing Automotive Ethernet into the vehicle architecture. It describes how the system development process is affected, the software design, the networking architecture, test and qualification, as well as functional safety. Last but not least it shares some important lessons learned.

By way of conclusion, the final chapter brings together the lessons learned and the lessons remaining concerning approaches and frameworks for HCI research. The scope of the lessons learned and the lessons remaining include approaches and frameworks for HCI research, approaches to HCI research, frameworks for HCI research, specific frameworks for HCI research, general approach and General Framework for HCI research, validating the general approach and the General Framework for HCI research, assessing the General Framework against other HCI frameworks, assessing the General Framework against HCI theories, methodological components for the General Framework, and case studies for the General Framework. The conclusion takes the form of a proposal for an HCI research programme, which builds on the lessons learned to formulate the lessons remaining. Together they constitute the research programme.

The study concludes that the case of Libya fully exposed the potential as well as the complexities inherent in the responsibility to protect. The political-moral imperative encapsulated by the principle played a decisive role in the Security Council’s decision to authorize the use of force in order to protect civilians – which most likely averted mass atrocities. However, the responsibility to protect provided a highly fragile basis for military enforcement action without host state consent – by leaving essential questions regarding the legitimacy of international authority and the relation of international actors to local actors unresolved. The chapter examines the implications of the Libyan case for the normative development of the responsibility to protect. Subsequently, a number of conclusions are drawn regarding specific aspects of the principle. These concern the concept of "the international community"; collective security arrangements; questions of neutrality and impartiality; and consistency between the intervention and pre- and post-intervention politics.