Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Search

Refine search

Refine search

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply   From and To filters
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

4 results

  • Introduction

  • E. Claire Cage, University of South Alabama
  • Book:
    The Science of Proof
    Published online:
    25 August 2022
    Print publication:
    01 September 2022, pp 1-11

  • Summary

    The emergence of forensic medicine as a distinct specialty in the nineteenth century sparked debates about the extent which it could reveal truth, furnish legal proof, and serve justice. This question was particularly salient in the context of the institutional and juridical changes that the French Revolution had created, which transformed the field of legal medicine. This introduction provides an overview of the legal landscape in which medicolegal experts operated, the professionalization of medicine, and the rising influence of medical experts in French criminal courts and beyond.

The Science of Proof
  • Forensic Medicine in Modern France
  • E. Claire Cage
  • Published online:
    25 August 2022
    Print publication:
    01 September 2022
  • The Science of Proof traces the rise of forensic medicine in late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century France and examines its implications for our understanding of expert authority. Tying real life cases to broader debates, the book analyzes how new forms of medical and scientific knowledge, many of which were pioneered in France, were contested, but ultimately accepted, and applied to legal problems and the administration of justice. The growing authority of medical experts in the French legal arena was nonetheless subject to sharp criticism and scepticism. The professional development of medicolegal expertise and its influence in criminal courts sparked debates about the extent to which it could reveal truth, furnish legal proof, and serve justice. Drawing on a wide base of archival and printed sources, Claire Cage reveals tensions between uncertainty about the reliability of forensic evidence and a new confidence in the power of scientific inquiry to establish guilt, innocence, and legal responsibility.

  • Emergency Medical Services Liability Litigation in the United States: 1987 to 1992

  • David L. Morgan, Michael P. Wainscott, Heidi C. Knowles
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 9 / Issue 4 / December 1994
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 June 2012, pp. 214-220
    Print publication:
    December 1994
  • Introduction:

    Although emergency medical services (EMS) liability litigation is a concern of many prehospital health care providers, there have been no studies of these legal cases nationwide and no local case studies since 1987.

    Methods:

    A retrospective case series was obtained from a computerized database of trial court cases filed against EMS agencies nation-wide. All legal cases that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study sample. These cases must have involved either ambulance collisions (AC) or patient care (PC) incidents, and they must have been closed between 1987 and 1992.

    Results:

    There were 76 cases that met the inclusion criteria. Half of these cases involved an AC, and the other cases alleged negligence of a PC encounter. Thirty (78.9%) of the plaintiffs in the AC cases were other motorists, and 35 (92.1%) of the plaintiffs in the PC cases were EMS patients. Almost half of the cases named an individual (usually an emergency medical technician or paramedic) as a codefendant. Thirty-one (40.8%) of the cases were closed without any payment to the plaintiff. There were five cases with plaintiffs' awards or settlements greater than [US] $1 million. Most (71.0%) ofthe ACs occurred in an intersection or when one vehicle rear-ended another vehicle. The most common negligence allegations in the PC cases were arrival delay, inadequate assessment, inadequate treatment, patient transport delay, and no patient transport.

    Conclusion:

    Risk management for EMS requires specific knowledge of the common sources of EMS liability litigation. This sample of recent legal cases provides the common allegations of negligence. Recommendations to decrease the legal risk of EMS agencies and prehospital providers are suggested.

  • Cortical evoked potential criteria in the objective assessment of auditory threshold: a comparison of noise induced hearing loss with Ménière's disease

  • Deepak Prasher, Mohamed Mula, Linda Luxon
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 107 / Issue 9 / September 1993
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    29 June 2007, pp. 780-786
    Print publication:
    September 1993

  • Amplitude of the Nl component of the cortical response was used to objectively determine threshold of hearing at 1 kHz and 4 kHz in a series of consecutively referred medicolegal cases with alleged occupational noise induced hearing loss and a control group of patients with Ménière's disease who were not seeking compensation for their hearing loss. The cortical response thresholds were compared with the subjective pure tone audiometric (PTA) thresholds at the same frequencies. The cortical and PTA thresholds were ‘;within 10 dB’; for 84 and 92 per cent of the cases of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) and Ménière's disease respectively, confirming the validity of CERA as a means of denning accurately the frequency specific thresholds and the audiometric configuration. Of the remaining 16 per cent of NIHL, 13 per cent exaggerated their PTA thresholds at 1 kHz and 10 per cent at 4 kHz whilst the error in cortical threshold estimation was beyond the 10 dB level for three and six per cent of cases at those frequencies respectively. The median exaggeration of threshold was 25 dB. For eight per cent of the Ménière's patients, thresholds exceeded 10 dB at both 1 and 4 kHz, four per cent of whom exaggerated their PTA thresholds and four per cent had a test error greater than 10 dB. A similar percentage (four per cent) of both groups revealed a cortical test error greater than 10 dB whereas three times as many cases of noise induced hearing loss (13 per cent) revealed exaggeration of their subjective audiometric thresholds compared with the Ménière's group (four per cent).

    The value of latency criteria in the assessment of cortical threshold was established. The latency of Nl close to threshold was invariably greater than 150 ms and at 30 dB above threshold, irrespective of absolute levels, it was within 10 ms of 100 ms, thereby providing another criterion for the improved measurement of threshold.