As part of a survey of the rotifer fauna of Burundi, Lecanidae from Kashira and the floodplain of the river Rusizi in Northwest Burundi are reported. Thirty-four species of Lecane were found. Twenty-five of them are new to Burundi, raising the total Burundian Lecane record to thirty-five. Three species, Lecane aeganea Harring, 1914, L. eswari Dhanapathi, 1976 and L. subulata (Harring & Myers, 1926) are new to the African fauna, the presence of L. baimaii Sanoamuang & Savatenalinton, 1999 in Africa is confirmed. The fauna consists mainly of cosmopolitan and tropicopolitan taxa, accompanied by several Eastern Hemisphere taxa, and one each of pantropical, endemic and arctic-temperate taxa. The latter, occurring in a high-altitude locality, may be a glacial relict.
